Rust学习第二天

• 一旦struct的实例是可变的，那么实例中所有的字段都是可变的，不允许单独声明一部分可变。
• struct 更新语法：当你想基于某个struct实例来创建一个新实例时，可以用struct更新语法：

    let user2 = User {
        emails: String::from("another@example.com"),
        usernames: String::from("anotherusernames567"),
        ..user1
    };

• Tuple struct:适用于：想给整个tuple起名，并让它不同于其他tuple，而且又不需要给每个元素起名。 

struct Color(i32, i32);

let black = Color(0, 0);

println!("{}, {}", black.0, black.1);

• 可以定义没有任何字段的struct， Unit-like struct。
• struct数据的所有权，可以存放引用，但这需要生命周期。
• 可以在impl定义方法。

  struct User {
      usernames: String,
      emails: String,
      sign_in_counts: u64,
      activates: bool,
  }
  
  #[derive(Debug)] //原来这个东西要放在对应struct定义前一行呀
  struct Rectangle {
      width: u32,
      length: u32,
  }
  
  impl Rectangle {
      fn area(&self) -> u32 {
          // 代码清晰，易于维护
          self.length * self.width
      }
  
      fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
          self.width > other.width && self.length > other.length
      }
  
      // 关联函数
      fn square(size: u32) -> Rectangle {
          Rectangle { width: size, length: size }
      }
  }
  
  fn main() {
      println!("Hello, world!");
      // 使用点标记法获取struct里的值
      let user1 = User {
          emails: String::from("acb@126.com"),
          usernames: String::from("Nikky"),
          activates: true,
          sign_in_counts: 556,
      };
  
      println!("{}, {}, {}, {}", user1.emails, user1.activates, user1.sign_in_counts, user1.usernames);
  
      // let user2 = User {
      //     emails: String::from("another@example.com"),
      //     usernames: String::from("anotherusernames567"),
      //     ..user1
      // };
  
      struct Color(i32, i32);
  
      let black = Color(0, 0);
  
      println!("{}, {}", black.0, black.1);
  
      // 计算面积
      let rect= Rectangle {
          width: 30,
          length: 50,
      };
  
      println!("面积为{}", rect.area());
  
      println!("{:#?}", rect);
  
      // 继续练习
      let rect1= Rectangle {
          width: 30,
          length: 50,
      };
      let rect2= Rectangle {
          width: 10,
          length: 40,
      };
      let rect3= Rectangle {
          width: 35,
          length: 25,
      };
  
      println!("{}", rect1.can_hold(&rect2));
      println!("{}", rect2.can_hold(&rect3));
  
      let s = Rectangle::square(80);
      println!("{:#?}", s)
  
  }
  
  // fn build_user(emails: String, usernames: String) -> User {
  //     // 初始化简写
  //     User {
  //         emails,
  //         usernames,
  //         activates: true,
  //         sign_in_counts: 0,
  //     }
  // }
  
  // fn area(rect: &Rectangle) -> u32 {
  //     // 代码清晰，易于维护
  //     rect.length * rect.width
  // }