Android蓝牙聊天，蓝牙通讯

由于近期开发Android相关的东西，借鉴了一些源码和别人的博客，现将Android蓝牙通信方式在这里总结一下，以下是以一个蓝牙客户端和服务端实现的例子来给大家讲解一下。

1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限

2. 配置本机蓝牙模块

在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter

BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板

Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1);//直接打开蓝牙

adapter.enable();//关闭蓝牙

adapter.disable();/

/打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒）

discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);

//设置持续时间（最多300秒）

Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

3.搜索蓝牙设备

使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备

startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。

请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：

ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索

ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束

ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extra fields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。

我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能

// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver

private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {  

  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  

      String action = intent.getAction();        // 发现设备     

   if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {     

       // 从Intent中获取设备对象           

 BluetoothDevice device = 

intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);           

 // 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示         

   mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "/n" + device.getAddress());   

     }  

  }};

// 注册BroadcastReceiver

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定

4. 蓝牙Socket通信

如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。

服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。

 

服务器端的实现

通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）

调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）

如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）

private class AcceptThread extends Thread { 

   private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;  

  public AcceptThread() {     

   // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,    

    // because mmServerSocket is final       

 BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;      

  try {           

 // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code            

tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);        } catch (IOException e) { }      

  mmServerSocket = tmp;    

}   

 public void run() {      

  BluetoothSocket socket = null;       

 // Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned       

 while (true) {           

 try {   

 socket = mmServerSocket.accept();       

     } catch (IOException e) {  

              break;        

    }           

 // If a connection was accepted          

  if (socket != null) {              

  // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)               

 manageConnectedSocket(socket);              

  mmServerSocket.close();              

  break;           

 }  }}   

 /** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */   

 public void cancel() {       

 try {           

 mmServerSocket.close();  

  } catch (IOException e) { }   }}

客户端的实现 
通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService

调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket（该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID）

调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法（该方法为block方法），如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配，并且连接被服务器端accept，则connect()方法返回

注意：在调用connect()方法之前，应当确定当前没有搜索设备，否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {  

  private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;   

 private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;   

 public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {       

 // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,      

  // because mmSocket is final       

 BluetoothSocket tmp = null;       

 mmDevice = device;        

// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice      

  try {          

  // MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code           

 tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);        

} catch (IOException e) { }       

 mmSocket = tmp;    

}   

 public void run() {   

     // Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection      

  mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();    

    try {        

    // Connect the device through the socket. This will block         

   // until it succeeds or throws an exception          

  mmSocket.connect();      

  } catch (IOException connectException) { 

           // Unable to connect; close the socket and get out          

  try {              

  mmSocket.close();        

    } catch (IOException closeException) { }      

      return;       

 }      

  // Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)       

 manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);   

 }   

 /** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */   

 public void cancel() {     

   try {           

 mmSocket.close();     

   } catch (IOException e) { }   

 }}

连接管理（数据通信） 
分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream

使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作

注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）

private class ConnectedThread extends Thread {   

 private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;   

 private final InputStream mmInStream;    

private final OutputStream mmOutStream;    

public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {       

 mmSocket = socket;       

 InputStream tmpIn = null;       

 OutputStream tmpOut = null;       

 // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because      

  // member streams are final       

 try {           

 tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();           

 tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();       

 } catch (IOException e) { }        

mmInStream = tmpIn;       

 mmOutStream = tmpOut;   

 }   

 public void run() {     

   byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  

// buffer store for the stream       

 int bytes; // bytes returned from read()       

 // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs       

 while (true) {            

try {               

 // Read from the InputStream              

  bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);               

 // Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity              

  mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)                        .sendToTarget();           

 } catch (IOException e) {   

     break;     }   }  }  

  /* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */    

public void write(byte[] bytes) { 

  try {      

mmOutStream.write(bytes);    

    } catch (IOException e) { }   

 }   

 /* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */  

  public void cancel() {   

try {  

 mmSocket.close(); 

 } catch (IOException e) { }}}