Linux下的学生成绩管理系统

一、makefile

hello_test:main.o menu.o login.o input.o show.o order.o delete.o modify.o insert.o search.o total.o
	gcc main.o menu.o login.o input.o show.o order.o delete.o modify.o insert.o search.o total.o -o hello_test
main.o:main.c
	gcc -c main.c -o main.o
menu.o:menu.c
	gcc -c menu.c -o menu.o
login.o:login.c
	gcc -c login.c -o login.o
input.o:input.c
	gcc -c input.c -o input.o
show.o:show.c
	gcc -c show.c -o show.o
order.o:order.c
	gcc -c order.c -o order.o
delete.o:delete.c
	gcc -c delete.c -o delete.o
modify.o:modify.c
	gcc -c modify.c -o modify.o
insert.o:insert.c
	gcc -c insert.c -o insert.o
search.o:search.c
	gcc -c search.c -o search.o
total.o:total.c
	gcc -c total.c -o total.o

二、模块代码

我把整个系统分为两大块，一个是登录，一个是操作。数了一下总共有11个.c文件。

1、main.c

/********************
file name：main.c
function:main
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "menu.h"
#include "login.h"
#include "input.h"
#include "show.h"
#include "order.h"
#include "delete.h"
#include "modify.h"
#include "insert.h"
#include "search.h"
#include "total.h"
#include "user.h"


int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    char *userfile = "users.txt";
    int choice, userType, n;
    char *filename = "data.txt";
    // 检查命令行参数数量
    if (argc < 3) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <username> <password>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    char *username = argv[1];
    char *password = argv[2];

    userType = login(userfile, username, password);

    if (userType == -1) {
        // 登录失败，退出程序
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    do {
        menu(userType); // 根据用户类型显示菜单
        scanf("%d", &n);
        getchar();

        switch (n) {
            case 1: show(filename); break;
            case 2: order(filename); break;
            case 3: modify(filename); break;
            case 4: insert(filename); break;
            case 5: in(filename); break;
            case 6: search(filename); break;
            case 7: total(filename); break;
            case 8: del(filename); break;
            default: break;
        }
    } while (n != 0);

    return 0;
}

2、login.c

/********************
file name：input.c
function:add student record
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "user.h"

#define LAN sizeof(User)

User users[MAX_USERS] = {
    {"s", "1", 0},
    {"t", "2", 1}
};

int userCount = 2; // 初始化用户数量

int login(char *userfile, char *username, char *password) {
    int m = 0;
    int fd;
    char ch[2], newPass[50];
    ssize_t bytes_read;
    off_t offset = 0;
    int userFound = 0; // 标记是否找到用户

    // 打开文件用于读写
    if ((fd = open(userfile, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
        perror("can not open file");
        return -1;
    }

    // 读取文件中的所有记录到users数组
    while ((bytes_read = read(fd, &users[m], LAN)) == LAN) {
        m++;
    }
    close(fd);
	
    // 检查用户名和密码
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (strcmp(users[i].username, username) == 0 && strcmp(users[i].password, password) == 0) {
            userFound = 1;
            printf("Whether to change the password?(y/n):");
            scanf("%1s", ch); // 使用 %1s 避免缓冲区溢出

            if (ch[0] == 'Y' || ch[0] == 'y') {
                printf("please input new password:");
                scanf("%49s", newPass); // 使用 %49s 限制密码长度
                strcpy(users[i].password, newPass);

                // 重新打开文件用于写入
                if ((fd = open(userfile, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC)) == -1) {
                    perror("Cannot open file for writing");
                    return -1;
                }

                // 写入所有记录，包括已修改的记录
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    if (write(fd, &users[j], LAN) != LAN) {
                        perror("Error writing file");
                    }
                }
                close(fd);
                printf("Modify password successfully!\n");
            }

            // 登录成功后返回用户类型
            return users[i].userType;
        }
    }

    if (!userFound) {
        printf("Login error\n");
    }
    return -1;
}

3、delete.c

/********************
file name：delete.c
function:delete student record
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"
void del(char *filename)
{
    int fd, i, j, m = 0;
    int snum;
    char ch[2];
    ssize_t bytes_read;
    off_t offset = 0;

    // Open the file in read/write mode
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
        perror("Can not open file");
        return;
    }

    // Read all records into stu array
    while ((bytes_read = read(fd, &stu[m], LEN)) == LEN) {
        m++;
    }
    close(fd); // Close the file to reopen it later

    if (m == 0) {
        printf("No record!\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("Please input the number: ");
    scanf("%d", &snum);

    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (snum == stu[i].num) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (i < m) {
        printf("Find the student, delete? (y/n): ");
        scanf("%s", ch);

        if (strcmp(ch, "Y") == 0 || strcmp(ch, "y") == 0) {
            for (j = i; j < m - 1; j++) {
                stu[j] = stu[j + 1]; // Shift records to overwrite the deleted one
            }
            m--; // Decrease the total number of records
        }
    } else {
        printf("Student not found.\n");
        return;
    }

    // Reopen the file in write-binary mode to rewrite the updated data
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC)) == -1) {
        perror("Can not open file for writing");
        return;
    }

    for (j = 0; j < m; j++) {
        if (write(fd, &stu[j], LEN) != LEN) {
            perror("Can not save!");
            close(fd);
            return;
        }
    }

    close(fd);
    printf("Delete successfully!\n");
}

4、input.c

/********************
file name：input.c
function:add student record
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include"student.h"
#include"show.h"
void in(char *filename)
{
int i, m = 0;
int fd;
char ch[2];
ssize_t bytes_read;
off_t offset = 0;
// Open the file in read/write mode to get current records
if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
    perror("Can not open file");
    return;
}

// Read all records into stu array
while ((bytes_read = read(fd, &stu[m], LEN)) == LEN) {
    m++;
}
close(fd); // Close the file to reopen it later

if (m == 0) {
    printf("No record!\n");
} else {
    system("clear"); // Clear screen
    show(); // Display existing records
}

// Reopen the file in write-binary mode to write new records
if ((fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY)) == -1) {
    perror("Can not open file for writing");
    return;
}

// Write existing records back to the file
for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
    if (write(fd, &stu[i], LEN) != LEN) {
        perror("Can not save!");
        close(fd);
        return;
    }
}

printf("Please input (y/n): ");
scanf("%s", ch);

while (strcmp(ch, "Y") == 0 || strcmp(ch, "y") == 0) {
    printf("Number: ");
    scanf("%d", &stu[m].num);

    // Check if the number already exists
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (stu[i].num == stu[m].num) {
            printf("The number is existing, press any key to continue!\n");
            getchar();
            close(fd);
            return;
        }
    }

    printf("Name: ");
    scanf("%s", stu[m].name);
    printf("Chinese: ");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[m].elec);
    printf("Math: ");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[m].expe);
    printf("English: ");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[m].requ);
    stu[m].sum = stu[m].elec + stu[m].expe + stu[m].requ;

    // Write new record to the file
    if (write(fd, &stu[m], LEN) != LEN) {
        perror("Can not save!");
        getchar();
    } else {
        printf("%s saved!\n", stu[m].name);
        m++;
    }

    printf("Continue? (y/n): ");
    scanf("%s", ch);
}

close(fd);
printf("OK!\n");
}

5、insert.c

这个插入的功能我试了几次感觉没什么用，但是没有删掉。

/********************
file name：insert.c
function:insert new record
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"
void insert(char *filename)
{
    int i, j, k, m = 0, snum;
    int fd, new_fd;
    ssize_t bytes_read;
    off_t offset = 0;
    struct student temp_stu;

    // Open the file in read-only mode to read current records
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY )) == -1) {
        perror("Can not open file");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Read all records into stu array
    while ((bytes_read = read(fd, &stu[m], LEN)) == LEN) {
        m++;
    }
    close(fd); // Close the file to reopen it later

    if (m == 0) {
        printf("No record!\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("Please input position where do you want to insert! (input the number)\n");
    scanf("%d", &snum);

    // Check if the position exists
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (snum == stu[i].num) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (i == m) {
        printf("Position does not exist!\n");
        return;
    }

    // Shift records to make space for the new record
    for (j = m; j > i; j--) {
        stu[j] = stu[j - 1];
    }

    printf("Now please input the new information.\n");
    printf("Number: ");
    scanf("%d", &stu[i].num);

    // Check if the number already exists
    for (k = 0; k < m + 1; k++) {
        if (stu[k].num == stu[i].num && k != i) {
            printf("The number is existing, press any key to continue!\n");
            getchar();
            return;
        }
    }

    printf("Name: ");
    scanf("%s", stu[i].name);
    printf("Chinese: ");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[i].elec);
    printf("Math: ");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[i].expe);
    printf("English: ");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[i].requ);
    stu[i].sum = stu[i].elec + stu[i].expe + stu[i].requ;

    // Create a temporary file to write updated records
    if ((new_fd = creat(filename, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) == -1) {
        perror("Can not create temporary file");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Write updated records to the temporary file
    for (k = 0; k <= m; k++) {
        if (write(new_fd, &stu[k], LEN) != LEN) {
            perror("Can not save!");
            close(new_fd);
            unlink("temp_filename"); // Remove temporary file on error
            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }
    }

    close(new_fd);

    // Replace original file with the temporary file
    if (rename("temp_filename", "filename") == -1) {
        perror("Can not rename file");
        unlink("temp_filename"); // Remove temporary file on error
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    printf("Save successfully!\n");
}

6、menu.c

/********************
file name：menu.c
function:show user's work
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include"login.h"


void menu(int userType) {
    
    if(userType == 0)
  {
  printf("\n\n\n\n\n");
  printf("\t\t|---------------------STUDENT-------------------|\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 0. exit                                |\n");//退出
  printf("\t\t|\t 1. show                                |\n");//显示
  printf("\t\t|\t 2. order                               |\n");//排序
  printf("\t\t|-----------------------------------------------|\n\n");
  printf("\t\t\tchoose(0-2):");
  }
  else if(userType == 1)
  {
  printf("\n\n\n\n\n");
  printf("\t\t|---------------------STUDENT-------------------|\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 0. exit                                |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 1. show                                |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 2. order                               |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 3. modify record                       |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 4. insert record                       |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 5. input record                        |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 6. search record                       |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 7. number                              |\n");
  printf("\t\t|\t 8. delete record                       |\n");
  printf("\t\t|-----------------------------------------------|\n\n");
  printf("\t\t\tchoose(0-8):");
  }
  }

7、modify.c

/********************
file name：modify.c
function:modify student record
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

void modify(char *filename)
{
    int fd, i, m = 0, snum;
    bool found = false;
    ssize_t bytes_read;
    off_t offset = 0;

    // Open the file in read-write mode to read current records
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
        perror("Cannot open file");
        return;
    }

    // Read all records into stu array
    while ((bytes_read = read(fd, &stu[m], LEN)) == LEN) {
        m++;
    }
    close(fd); // Close the file to reopen it later

    if (m == 0) {
        printf("No record!\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("Please input the number of the student you want to modify!\n");
    scanf("%d", &snum);

    // Find the student
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (snum == stu[i].num) {
            found = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found) {
        printf("Student not found!\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("Find the student! You can modify!\n");
    printf("Name:\n");
    scanf("%s", stu[i].name); // Input name
    printf("\nChinese:\n");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[i].elec); // Input Chinese score
    printf("Math:\n");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[i].expe); // Input Math score
    printf("English:\n");
    scanf("%lf", &stu[i].requ); // Input English score
    stu[i].sum = stu[i].elec + stu[i].expe + stu[i].requ;

    // Reopen the file in read-write mode to write updated records
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDWR )) == -1) {
        perror("Cannot open file for writing");
        return;
    }

    // Rewrite all records, including the modified one
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (write(fd, &stu[i], LEN) != LEN) {
            perror("Error writing file");
            close(fd);
            return;
        }
    }

    close(fd);
    printf("Save successfully\n");
}

8、order.c

/********************
file name：order.c
function:order student's num
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"

void order(char *filename)
{
    struct student *students = malloc(10 * LEN); // Allocate memory for 10 students
    if (students == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed!\n");
        return;
    }
    size_t m = 0; // Number of students read
    size_t capacity = 10; // Initial capacity set to 10
    struct student t; // Temporary variable for swapping

    // Open file in read-only binary mode
    int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd == -1) {
        perror("Cannot open file");
        free(students);
        return;
    }

    // Dynamically read all records into students array
    while (1) {
        ssize_t bytesRead = read(fd, &t, LEN);
        if (bytesRead == -1) {
            perror("Error reading file");
            close(fd);
            free(students);
            return;
        } else if (bytesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }

        if (m >= capacity) {
            // Need more space, reallocate memory
            struct student *newStudents = realloc(students, (capacity + 10) * LEN);
            if (newStudents == NULL) {
                printf("Memory allocation failed!\n");
                close(fd);
                free(students);
                return;
            }
            students = newStudents;
            capacity += 10;
        }
        // Copy read data to the array
        memcpy(&students[m], &t, LEN);
        m++;
    }

    close(fd); // Close file

    // Sort using bubble sort algorithm
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
        for (size_t j = i + 1; j < m; j++)
            if (students[i].sum < students[j].sum) {
                t = students[i];
                students[i] = students[j];
                students[j] = t;
            }

    // Reopen file and write sorted data
    fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC);
    if (fd == -1) {
        perror("Cannot open file for writing");
        free(students);
        return;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        if (write(fd, &students[i], LEN) != LEN) {
            perror("Error writing file");
            close(fd);
            free(students);
            return;
        }
    }

    close(fd); // Close file
    free(students); // Free dynamically allocated memory
    printf("Save successfully\n");
    getchar();
}

9、search.c

/********************
file name：search.c
function:search number
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"
#include <stdbool.h> 

void search(char *filename)
{
    int fd;
    int snum, i, m = 0;
    char ch;
    bool found = false;

    // Open the file in read-only binary mode
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
    {
        perror("Can not open file!");
        return;
    }

    /* 读取所有记录到stu数组 */
    while (read(fd, &stu[m], LEN) == LEN)
        m++;

    close(fd);

    if (m == 0)
    {
        printf("No record!\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("Please input the number: ");
    scanf("%d", &snum);

    /* 查找输入的学号是否在记录中 */
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        if (snum == stu[i].num)
        {
            printf("Find the student, show? (y/n): ");
            scanf(" %c", &ch); // 注意这里使用%c和空格处理输入
            if (ch == 'y' || ch == 'Y')
            {
                printf("Number  Name           Chinese    Math  English    Sum\n");
                printf(FORMAT, DATA);
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!found)
    {
        printf("Can not find the student!\n");
    }
}

10、show.c

/********************
file name：show.c
function:show all record
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"

void show(char *filename)
{
    int fd;          // File descriptor
    int i, m = 0;
    off_t offset = 0; // Offset for lseek()

    // Open the file in read-only binary mode
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
    {
        perror("Can not open file!");
        return;
    }

    /* 读取所有记录到stu数组 */
    while (read(fd, &stu[m], LEN) == LEN)
    {
        m++;
    }

    printf("Number     Name      Chinese    Math       English       Sum\n");
    for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        printf(FORMAT, DATA);
    }

    close(fd);
}

11、total.c

/********************
file name：total.c
function:count students
return value:
participation:
author:Gaoyuying
creation time:2024/07/03
********************/
#include "student.h"

void total(char *filename)
{
    int fd;
    int m = 0;

    // Open the file in read-only binary mode
    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
    {
        perror("Can not open file!");
        return;
    }

    /* 统计记录个数即学生个数 */
    while (read(fd, &stu[m], LEN) == LEN)
        m++;

    if (m == 0)
    {
        printf("No record!\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("The class has %d students!\n", m);
    }

    close(fd);
}

三、.h头文件

以上就是所有的代码了，然后.h文件可以模仿这样写

#ifndef STUDENT_H
#define STUDENT_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>  
#include <sys/types.h> 
#define LEN sizeof(struct student)
#define FORMAT "%-8d%-15s%-12.1lf%-12.1lf%-12.1lf%-12.1lf\n"
#define DATA stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].elec,stu[i].expe,stu[i].requ,stu[i].sum

struct student/*定义学生成绩结构体*/
{ int num;/*学号*/
  char name[15];/*姓名*/
  double elec;/*语文*/
  double expe;/*数学*/
  double requ;/*英语*/
  double sum;/*总分*/
};
struct student stu[100];/*定义结构体数组*/

#endif

 

 有其他问题可以私信或者评论区，我看到了就会回。