R中二进制格式包的直接安装

        今天在R中安装使用 clusterProfiler() 对小麦差异蛋白进行GO注释时，运行library(clusterProfiler)反复提示缺少"DO.db"、"GO.db"、“bindrcpp”等包，以及“R6”包版本太低等问题，其中"DO.db"、"GO.db"可以通过BiocManager进行安装：

> if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
      install.packages("BiocManager")
> BiocManager::install("DO.db", version = "3.8")
> BiocManager::install("GO.db", version = "3.8")

        但在升级R6时反复遇到问题，典型例子如下：

> update.packages(ask='graphics',checkBuilt=TRUE)

  There is a binary version available but the source version is later:
   binary source needs_compilation
R6  2.3.0  2.4.0             FALSE

installing the source package ‘R6’

trying URL 'https://mirror.lzu.edu.cn/CRAN/src/contrib/R6_2.4.0.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/octet-stream' length 31545 bytes (30 KB)
downloaded 30 KB

* installing *source* package 'R6' ...
** package 'R6' successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** R
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in unloadNamespace(pkg_name) : 
  namespace 'R6' is imported by 'shiny', 'promises' so cannot be unloaded
* removing 'D:/mysoft/R/R-3.5.2/library/R6'
* restoring previous 'D:/mysoft/R/R-3.5.2/library/R6'
In R CMD INSTALL

The downloaded source packages are in
        ‘C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmp6Xugno\downloaded_packages’
Warning message:
In install.packages(update[instlib == l, "Package"], l, repos = repos,  :
  installation of package ‘R6’ had non-zero exit status

        无论怎么折腾‘shiny’和‘promises’都无法升级成功，即难以通过常规方法进行升级。进入提示的‘C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmp6Xugno\downloaded_packages’发现R默认下载的是Tar ball，和其他正常安装包的形式有所不同，于是自己尝试直接到CRAN网站（https://mirrors.tongji.edu.cn/CRAN/web/packages/R6/index.html）上下载了R6的二进制版本，解压后直接拷到“\R-3.5.2\library\”目录下，再尝试 library(clusterProfiler) 载入clusterProfiler居然成功了！

        即二进制版本的R包可以直接放入/library/下进行使用。另外旧版本R下的包在直接复制到新版本的/library/下后能直接使用，这点其实还是挺方便的。