java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext解决办法

配置springMVC框架时总是出错，如下： 

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1. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext  
2.     at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)  
3.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:122)  
4.     at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:105)  
5.     at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:74)  
6.     at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:312)  
7.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)  
8.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)  
9.     at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)  
10.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)  
11.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)  
12.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)  
13.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)  
14.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)  
15.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)  
16.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)  
17.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)  
18.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)  
19.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)  
20.     at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)  
21.     at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)  
22.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:46)  
23.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)  
24.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)  
25.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)  
26.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)  
27.     at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)  
28. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'login': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.rest.tiis.service.UserService com.rest.tiis.controller.Login.userService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.rest.tiis.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}  
29.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:288)  
30.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1116)  
31.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:519)  
32.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:458)  
33.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:295)  
34.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:223)  
35.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:292)  
36.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:194)  
37.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:628)  
38.     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:932)  
39.     at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:479)  
40.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:120)  
41.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)  
42.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:100)  
43.     at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:248)  
44.     at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:64)  
45.     at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)  
46.     ... 25 more  
47. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.rest.tiis.service.UserService com.rest.tiis.controller.Login.userService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.rest.tiis.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}  
48.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:514)  
49.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)  
50.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:285)  
51.     ... 41 more  
52. Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.rest.tiis.service.UserService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}  
53.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:988)  
54.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858)  
55.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:770)  
56.     at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:486)  
57.     ... 43 more  

最后发现，我需要依赖注入controller、service两个包，但是一开始我只是自动依赖注入了controller如：

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1. <!-- 自动扫描 -->  
2.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.rest.tiis.controller" />  

修改成： 

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1. <!-- 自动扫描 -->  
2.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.rest.tiis.controller" />  
3.     <context:component-scan base-package="com.rest.tiis.service" />  

以上为我个人的包名。 
问题瞬间解决，两个小时，就这么。。。

一切总结起来就是： 
我们只会用，不知道底层到底是怎么设计的，永远停留在应用的层面，很难提高coding效率！！多看书、多看源码、多交流！！！