【从入门到放弃-Java】并发编程-NIO-Channel

前言

上篇[【从入门到放弃-Java】并发编程-NIO使用]()简单介绍了nio的基础使用，本篇将深入源码分析nio中channel的实现。

简介

channel即通道，可以用来读、写数据，它是全双工的可以同时用来读写操作。这也是它与stream流的最大区别。

channel需要与buffer配合使用，channel通道的一端是buffer，一端是数据源实体，如文件、socket等。在nio中，通过channel的不同实现来处理 不同实体与数据buffer中的数据传输。

channel接口：

package java.nio.channels;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Closeable;


/**
 * A nexus for I/O operations.
 *
 * <p> A channel represents an open connection to an entity such as a hardware
 * device, a file, a network socket, or a program component that is capable of
 * performing one or more distinct I/O operations, for example reading or
 * writing.
 *
 * <p> A channel is either open or closed.  A channel is open upon creation,
 * and once closed it remains closed.  Once a channel is closed, any attempt to
 * invoke an I/O operation upon it will cause a {@link ClosedChannelException}
 * to be thrown.  Whether or not a channel is open may be tested by invoking
 * its {@link #isOpen isOpen} method.
 *
 * <p> Channels are, in general, intended to be safe for multithreaded access
 * as described in the specifications of the interfaces and classes that extend
 * and implement this interface.
 *
 *
 * @author Mark Reinhold
 * @author JSR-51 Expert Group
 * @since 1.4
 */

public interface Channel extends Closeable {

    /**
     * Tells whether or not this channel is open.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this channel is open
     */
    public boolean isOpen();

    /**
     * Closes this channel.
     *
     * <p> After a channel is closed, any further attempt to invoke I/O
     * operations upon it will cause a {@link ClosedChannelException} to be
     * thrown.
     *
     * <p> If this channel is already closed then invoking this method has no
     * effect.
     *
     * <p> This method may be invoked at any time.  If some other thread has
     * already invoked it, however, then another invocation will block until
     * the first invocation is complete, after which it will return without
     * effect. </p>
     *
     * @throws  IOException  If an I/O error occurs
     */
    public void close() throws IOException;

}

常见的channel实现有：

• FileChannel：文件读写数据通道
• SocketChannel：TCP读写网络数据通道
• ServerSocketChannel：服务端网络数据读写通道，可以监听TCP连接。对每一个新进来的连接都会创建一个SocketChannel。
• DatagramChannel：UDP读写网络数据通道

FileChannel

FileChannel是一个抽象类，它继承了AbstractInterruptibleChannel类，并实现了 SeekableByteChannel, GatheringByteChannel, ScatteringByteChannel接口。
具体的实现类主要是sun.nio.ch.FileChannelImpl。下面详细分析下FileChannelImpl中每个方法的具体实现。

open

private FileChannelImpl(FileDescriptor var1, String var2, boolean var3, boolean var4, boolean var5, Object var6) {
    //主要记载操作系统维护的文件描述符
    this.fd = var1;
    
    //是否可读
    this.readable = var3;
    
    //是否可写
    this.writable = var4;
    
    //是否以追加的方式打开
    this.append = var5;
    
    this.parent = var6;
    this.path = var2;
    
    //底层使用native的read和write来处理文件的
    this.nd = new FileDispatcherImpl(var5);
}

//FileInputStream::getChannel 调用 FileChannelImpl.open(fd, path, true, false, this) 获取只读channel
public static FileChannel open(FileDescriptor var0, String var1, boolean var2, boolean var3, Object var4) {
    return new FileChannelImpl(var0, var1, var2, var3, false, var4);
}

//FileOutputStream::getChannel 调用 FileChannelImpl.open(fd, path, false, true, append, this) 获取只写channel
public static FileChannel open(FileDescriptor var0, String var1, boolean var2, boolean var3, boolean var4, Object var5) {
    return new FileChannelImpl(var0, var1, var2, var3, var4, var5);
}
private FileChannelImpl(FileDescriptor fd, String path, boolean readable,
                        boolean writable, boolean direct, Object parent)
{
    this.fd = fd;
    
    //是否可读
    this.readable = readable;
    
    //是否可写
    this.writable = writable;
    
    //对于从流创建的channel，在结束时要做不同的清理动作，（openJDK中才有，sun的jdk中没有）
    this.parent = parent;
    
    //源文件的path
    this.path = path;
    
    //是否使用DirectIO
    this.direct = direct;
    
    this.nd = new FileDispatcherImpl();
    if (direct) {
        assert path != null;
        this.alignment = nd.setDirectIO(fd, path);
    } else {
        this.alignment = -1;
    }

    //当parent不存在时，则注册一个cleaner，否则交由parent做清理动作。
    // Register a cleaning action if and only if there is no parent
    // as the parent will take care of closing the file descriptor.
    // FileChannel is used by the LambdaMetaFactory so a lambda cannot
    // be used here hence we use a nested class instead.
    this.closer = parent != null ? null :
        CleanerFactory.cleaner().register(this, new Closer(fd));
}

// Used by FileInputStream.getChannel(), FileOutputStream.getChannel
// and RandomAccessFile.getChannel()
public static FileChannel open(FileDescriptor fd, String path,
                               boolean readable, boolean writable,
                               boolean direct, Object parent)
{
    return new FileChannelImpl(fd, path, readable, writable, direct, parent);
}

• open方法主要是返回一个新new的FileChannelImpl对象，初始化时设置fileDescriptor、readable、writable、append、parent、path等属性，看变量名很容易理解，在此不赘述变量含义。

read

//实现自SeekableByteChannel接口的方法，将文件中的内容读取到给定的byteBuffer中
public int read(ByteBuffer dst) throws IOException {
    //保证读写时，channel处于开启状态
    ensureOpen();
    
    //判断是否可读
    if (!readable)
        throw new NonReadableChannelException();
    synchronized (positionLock) {
        if (direct)
            Util.checkChannelPositionAligned(position(), alignment);
        int n = 0;
        int ti = -1;
        try {
        
            //开始阻塞，并注册为Interruptible，可以被中断
            beginBlocking();
            
            //将当前线程添加到NativeThreadSet中，并返回索引，方便后续操作。
            //NativeThreadSet是一个线程安全的本地线程集合，方便管理，用来发送信号
            ti = threads.add();
            if (!isOpen())
                return 0;
            do {