centos7部署k8s集群

iangyu

于 2025-04-23 15:50:14 发布

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文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/yxyc666/article/details/147456381

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环境准备

服务器三台

10.0.0.70master

10.0.0.71worker1

10.0.0.72worker2

配置yum源（集群机器执行）

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
安装常用软件
yum -y install lrzsz vim  net-tools

关闭firewall（集群机器执行）

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

查看selinux,设置关闭（集群机器执行）

getenforce
#开启状态执行以下命令，需要重启服务器生效
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

三台服务器添加hosts，并更改主机名（先集群机器执行再对应执行）

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.0.0.70 k8s-master
10.0.0.71 k8s-worker1
10.0.0.72 k8s-worker2
EOF

10.0.0.70
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
10.0.0.71
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker1
10.0.0.72
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker2

安装ntpdate（集群机器执行）

yum install ntpdate -y
#集群所有服务器实现时间同步
ntpdate -u ntp1.aliyun.com

关闭swap（集群机器执行）

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

配置网络（集群机器执行）

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0
EOF

sysctl -p
modprobe br_netfilter
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

查看并更新内核（集群机器执行）

uname -a
Linux k8s-master 3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Jun 28 15:37:28 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

yum update

配置ipvs功能（集群机器执行）

# 安装ipset和ipvsadm
yum install ipset ipvsadmin -y
#如果提示No package ipvsadmin available.需要使用
yum install ipvsadm
cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
#!/bin/bash
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
EOF
chmod +x /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
# 执行脚本文件
/bin/bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules

lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4

重启服务器（集群机器执行）

reboot

安装软件

安装docker（集群机器执行）

wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum -y install docker-ce
systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker

配置国内源（集群机器执行）

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.hpcloud.cloud","https://docker.m.daocloud.io","https://docker.unsee.tech","https://docker.1panel.live","http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","https://docker.chenby.cn","http://mirror.azure.cn","https://dockerpull.org","https://dockerhub.icu","https://hub.rat.dev"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  }
}
EOF

systemctl restart docker

安装 cri-dockerd（集群机器执行）

# 通过 wget 命令获取 cri-dockerd软件
wget https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd/releases/download/v0.3.12/cri-dockerd-0.3.12-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
#服务器无法下载离线上传

# 通过 rpm 命令执行安装包
rpm -ivh cri-dockerd-0.3.12-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 打开 cri-docker.service 配置文件
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

# 修改对应的配置项
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --container-runtime-endpoint fd:// --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable cri-docker && systemctl start cri-docker
systemctl enable cri-docker.socket && systemctl start cri-docker.socket
systemctl status cri-docker.service

添加国内yun源（集群机器执行）

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl（集群机器执行）

yum install -y kubelet-1.28.0 kubeadm-1.28.0 kubectl-1.28.0
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet

Master 节点初始化 K8s (master执行)

#注意需要更改ip为自己服务器ip，后面同理
kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.70 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.28.0 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
  --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
  --ignore-preflight-errors=all



#显示成功之后需要master执行以下命令
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
#kubernetes强化tab（安装之后会tab可以补全命令及参数）
echo 'source  <(kubectl  completion  bash)' >> ~/.bashrc

示例

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubeadm init \
>   --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.70 \
>   --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
>   --kubernetes-version v1.28.0 \
>   --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
>   --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
>   --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock \
>   --ignore-preflight-errors=all
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 10.0.0.70]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [10.0.0.70 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master localhost] and IPs [10.0.0.70 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 6.501620 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: x3jlhw.ymjilbj6aiqyjelh
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.0.0.70:6443 --token x3jlhw.ymjilbj6aiqyjelh \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e0222e1db79bd45841dbf390f9060d208b03bfa1c88c76067e2de6d5322bc845 

[root@k8s-master ~]#mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@k8s-master ~]#cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@k8s-master ~]#chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

worker节点加入master集群(worker执行)

K8s 初始化之后，就可以在其他 2 个工作节点上执行 “kubeadm join” 命令，因为我们使用了 cri-dockerd ，需要在命令加上 “–cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock” 参数。

kubeadm join 10.0.0.70:6443 --token x3jlhw.ymjilbj6aiqyjelh --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e0222e1db79bd45841dbf390f9060d208b03bfa1c88c76067e2de6d5322bc845 --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

安装网络插件 (master执行)

wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
sed -i 's#docker.io/##g' calico.yaml
vim calico.yaml
#搜索/CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
#效果见下图
# 修改文件时注意格式对齐
 - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR
   value: "10.244.0.0/16"
image: calico/cni:v3.25.0
image: calico/cni:v3.25.0
image: calico/node:v3.25.0
image: calico/node:v3.25.0
image: calico/kube-controllers:v3.25.0


docker pull calico/cni:v3.25.0
docker pull calico/node:v3.25.0
docker pull calico/kube-controllers:v3.25.0

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

kubectl delete -f calico.yaml

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml --request-timeout=300s
systemctl restart kubelet

离线安装（上面方案二选一）

#传输到集群中的所有 3 个节点上
#位置 C:\baidunetdiskdownload\k8s离线镜像包
calico-image-3.25.1.zip 中是离线镜像文件，解压后在每个节点上执行导入命令。
ls *.tar |xargs -i docker load -i {}

kubectl delete -f calico.yaml

# 依次部署两个 yaml 文件
kubectl apply -f tigera-operator.yaml --server-side
kubectl apply -f custom-resources.yaml

其他

查询work加入集群的join

K8S在kubeadm init以后查询kubeadm join
kubeadm token create --print-join-command

不进入容器执行命令

kubectl exec -it  podname -n namespace -- 命令

eg：
kubectl exec -it  nginx-deployment1-8659769b68-6zq4c -n nginx -- cat /data/nginx/nginx.conf

k8s常用重启pod命令

有yaml 文件的情况下可以直接使用kubectl replace --force -f xxxx.yaml 来强制替换Pod 的 API 对象，从而达到重启的目的
kubectl replace --force -f xxxx.yaml
没有 yaml 文件，直接使用的 Pod 对象
kubectl get pod {podname} -n {namespace} -o yaml | kubectl replace --force -f -
删除 Pod 后，控制器（如 Deployment）会自动重新创建一个新的 Pod
kubectl delete pod <pod_name> -n {namespace}
有yaml文件直接delete后跟yaml文件
kubectl delete -f xxxx.yaml

部署nginx

nginx-deployment.yaml

#volumeMounts:容器内路径
#volumes:宿主机路径
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: nginx-deployment1
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      nodeName: k8s-worker1
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.26.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        name: nginx
        volumeMounts:
        - name: conf
          mountPath: /data/nginx/nginx.conf
        - name: ssl
          mountPath: /data/nginx/ssl
        - name: confd
          mountPath: /data/nginx/conf.d
        - name: log
          mountPath: /var/log/nginx
        - name: html
          mountPath: /data/nginx/html
      tolerations:
      - key: "key"
        operator: "Equal"
        value: "nginx"
        effect: "NoSchedule"
      volumes:
      - name: conf
        hostPath:
          path: /data/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
      - name: log
        hostPath:
          path: /data/nginx/logs
      - name: html
        hostPath:
          path: /data/nginx/html
      - name: confd
        hostPath:
          path: /data/nginx/conf.d
      - name: ssl
        hostPath:
          path: /data/nginx/ssl

nginx-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      name: http
      nodePort: 30080
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 443
      targetPort: 443
      name: https
      nodePort: 30443