Hyperledger Fabric v1.4(LTS) 系列(3.2)：关键概念-功能性

译文目录：

Hyperledger Fabric v1.4(LTS) 系列译文总目录

Key Concepts-Hyperledger Fabric Functionalities

• Introduction
• Hyperledger Fabric Functionalities
• Hyperledger Fabric Model
• Blockchain network
• Identity
• Membership
• Peers
• Smart Contracts and Chaincode
• Ledger
• The Ordering Service
• Private data
• Use Cases

Hyperledger Fabric Functionalities

Hyperledger Fabric is an implementation of distributed ledger technology(DLT) that delivers enterprise-ready network security, scalability,confidentiality and performance, in a modular blockchain architecture. Hyperledger Fabric delivers the following blockchain network functionalities:

Hyperledger Fabric是分布式账本技术（DLT）的一种实现，它以模块化的区块链架构，提供企业级的网络安全性、可扩展性，机密性和性能。Hyperledger Fabric提供以下区块链网络功能：

Identity management

To enable permissioned networks, Hyperledger Fabric provides a membership identity service that manages user IDs and authenticates all participants on the network. Access control lists can be used to provide additional layers of permission through authorization of specific network operations. For example, a specific user ID could be permitted to invoke a chaincode application, but be blocked from deploying new chaincode.

为了启用准入制的网络，Hyperledger Fabric提供了成员身份服务，用于管理用户ID并验证所有网络参与者的身份。访问控制列表用于通过特定网络操作的授权提供附加的权限层次。例如，某用户ID可以调用链码，但是不允许部署新的链码。

Privacy and confidentiality

Hyperledger Fabric enables competing business interests, and any groups that require private, confidential transactions, to coexist on the same permissioned network. Private channels are restricted messaging paths that can be used to provide transaction privacy and confidentiality for specific subsets of network members. All data, including transaction, member and channel information, on a channel are invisible and inaccessible to any network members not explicitly granted access to that channel.

Hyperledger Fabric 允许有竞争性的业务兴趣，以及需要私密、机密交易的组合在同一个准入制的网络中共存。私有通道是受限制的消息路径，提供特定的网络成员组合内的交易隐私性和机密性。所有数据，包括事务、成员和通道上的信息对任何未明确授予访问权的网络成员都是不可见和不可访问的。

Efficient processing

Hyperledger Fabric assigns network roles by node type. To provide concurrency and parallelism to the network, transaction execution is separated from transaction ordering and commitment. Executing transactions prior to ordering them enables each peer node to process multiple transactions simultaneously. This concurrent execution increases processing efficiency on each peer and accelerates delivery of transactions to the ordering service.

In addition to enabling parallel processing, the division of labor unburdens ordering nodes from the demands of transaction execution and ledger maintenance, while peer nodes are freed from ordering (consensus) workloads. This bifurcation of roles also limits the processing required for authorization and authentication; all peer nodes do not have to trust all ordering nodes, and vice versa, so processes on one can run independently of verification by the other.

Hyperledger Fabric 按节点类型分配网络角色。为确保并发性与并行处理能力，事务执行与排序和提交是分开的。在排序前执行事务使得每个节点能够同时处理多个事务。并发执行也提高了每个节点的处理效率，加快向排序服务发布事务的速度。

除了实现并行处理之外，工作分工还把排序节点从事务执行和维护账本中解脱出来，同时把其他节点从排序和共识的工作中释放出来。角色分离也限制了授权和验证所需的处理工作；网络节点不必信任所有排序节点，反之亦然，因此一个进程可以不依赖于其他节点的验证而运行。

Chaincode functionality

Chaincode applications encode logic that is invoked by specific types of transactions on the channel. Chaincode that defines parameters for a change of asset ownership, for example, ensures that all transactions that transfer ownership are subject to the same rules and requirements. System chaincode is distinguished as chaincode that defines operating parameters for the entire channel. Lifecycle and configuration system chaincode defines the rules for the channel; endorsement and validation system chaincode defines the requirements for endorsing and validating transactions.

链码应用的编码逻辑通过通道上特定类型的事务来触发。链码定义了资产所有权转移的参数，例如，确保所有转移所有权的事务都遵循相同的规则和要求。系统级链码是定义整个通道操作参数的特定链码. 生命周期和系统配置链码定义通道规则;背书和验证系统链码定义背书和事务验证的要求。

Modular design

Hyperledger Fabric implements a modular architecture to provide functional choice to network designers. Specific algorithms for identity, ordering (consensus) and encryption, for example, can be plugged in to any Hyperledger Fabric network. The result is a universal blockchain architecture that any industry or public domain can adopt, with the assurance that its networks will be interoperable across market, regulatory and geographic boundaries.

Hyperledger Fabric通过模块化架构为网络设计者提供功能选择。比如用于身份、排序和共识的特定算法，可以插入任何Hyperledger Fabric网络。这样带来了一个可以适配任何行业或公共领域的通用区块链体系结构，保证其网络在市场、监管和地理边界间都可以互操作。