ubuntu下快速使用protobuf

什么是protobuf

简单讲就是一种类似于json,xml的通用数据交换格式，但是效率更高，更省空间，目前官方支持c++,java,python,ruby。其他语言有一些第三方做的开发包，需要自己选择比较好的。

Ubuntu下快速使用

1. 下载
   google或者github
2. 编译
   2.1 编译protoc工具，这里可以直接看解压出来的protobuf-2.6.0文件夹下的README.txt文件，这里需要有c++编译器
   
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make check
$ make install

   2.2 测试安装
   $ protoc --version
   如果无法运行提示 error while loading shared libraries，我们可以直接把protoc默认安装的共享库文件路径直接加入到共享库配置文件中去（实际上很多开源软件的共享库文件默认安装的位置也在/usr/local/lib下）
   
$ echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
$ ldconfig

   再执行一下应该就可以了
   $ protoc --version

3. java使用示例
   3.1 把java源代码编译成我们方便使用的jar包形式，这里需要用到maven，没有的话可以在这里下载apache，安装说明这页上也有
   3.2 打包，先test一下
   $ mvn test
   通过了的话直接
   $ mvn package
   在target目录下就能看到打完包的protobuf-java-2.6.0.jar文件了
   3.3 用protoc工具将.proto文件生成java类
   这里直接用刚刚下载的protobuf-2.6.0中example文件夹下的addressbook.proto文件作为示例
   $ protoc -I=$SRC_DIR --java_out=$DST_DIR $SRC_DIR/addressbook.proto
   上面的$SRC_DIR表示存放addressbook.proto文件的路径，$DST_DIR表示生成java类存放的路径
   至此将protobuf-java-2.6.0.jar和刚刚生成的AddressBookProtos.java文件引用到你自己的项目中就可以了

4. 使用
   4.1 写：AddPerson.java,为了方便直接在IDE里面使用，对官网程序做了一点修改，直接运行输入Person的相关信息就好了

   package com.example.tutorial;
   
   import java.io.BufferedReader;
   import java.io.FileInputStream;
   import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
   import java.io.FileOutputStream;
   import java.io.IOError;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.InputStreamReader;
   import java.io.PrintStream;
   
   import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.AddressBook;
   import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.Person;
   
   public class AddPerson {
   
       // This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
       static Person PromptForAddress(BufferedReader stdin, PrintStream stdout)
               throws IOException {
           Person.Builder person = Person.newBuilder();
   
           stdout.print("Enter person ID: ");
           person.setId(Integer.parseInt(stdin.readLine()));
   
           stdout.print("Enter name: ");
           person.setName(stdin.readLine());
   
           stdout.print("Enter email address (blank for none)");
           String email = stdin.readLine();
           if (email.length() > 0) {
               person.setEmail(email);
           }
   
           while (true) {
               stdout.print("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ");
               String number = stdin.readLine();
               if (number.length() == 0) {
                   break;
               }
   
               Person.PhoneNumber.Builder phoneNumber = Person.PhoneNumber
                       .newBuilder().setNumber(number);
   
               stdout.print("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ");
               String type = stdin.readLine();
               if (type.equals("mobile")) {
                   phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.MOBILE);
               } else if (type.equals("home")) {
                   phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.HOME);
               } else if (type.equals("work")) {
                   phoneNumber.setType(Person.PhoneType.WORK);
               } else {
                   stdout.println("Unknown phone type.  Using default.");
               }
   
               person.addPhone(phoneNumber);
           }
   
           return person.build();
   
       }
   
       // Main function: Reads the entire address book from a file,
       // adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
       // file.
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   //      if (args.length != 1) {
   //          System.err.println("Usage:  AddPerson ADDRESS_BOOK_FILE");
   //          System.exit(-1);
   //      }
   
           String filePath = "myPerson";
   
           AddressBook.Builder addressBook = AddressBook.newBuilder();
   
           // Read the existing address book.
           try {
               addressBook.mergeFrom(new FileInputStream(filePath));
           } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
               System.out.println(filePath
                       + ": File not found.  Creating a new file.");
           }
   
           // Add an address.
           addressBook.addPerson(PromptForAddress(new BufferedReader(
                   new InputStreamReader(System.in)), System.out));
   
           // Write the new address book back to disk.
           FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
           addressBook.build().writeTo(output);
           output.close();
       }
   
   }
   

4.2 读：可以读取刚刚写在文件里的Person

    package com.example.tutorial;

    import java.io.FileInputStream;

    import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.AddressBook;
    import com.example.tutorial.AddressBookProtos.Person;

    public class ListPeople {

        // Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
        static void Print(AddressBook addressBook) {
            for (Person person : addressBook.getPersonList()) {
                System.out.println("Person ID: " + person.getId());
                System.out.println("  Name: " + person.getName());
                if (person.hasEmail()) {
                    System.out.println("  E-mail address: " + person.getEmail());
                }

                for (Person.PhoneNumber phoneNumber : person.getPhoneList()) {
                    switch (phoneNumber.getType()) {
                    case MOBILE:
                        System.out.print("  Mobile phone #: ");
                        break;
                    case HOME:
                        System.out.print("  Home phone #: ");
                        break;
                    case WORK:
                        System.out.print("  Work phone #: ");
                        break;
                    }
                    System.out.println(phoneNumber.getNumber());
                }
            }
        }

        // Main function: Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
        // the information inside.
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            String filePath = "myPerson";

            // Read the existing address book.
            AddressBook addressBook = AddressBook.parseFrom(new FileInputStream(filePath));

            Print(addressBook);
        }

    }