STL学习——hash_set/hash_map/hash_multiset/hash_multimap篇

STL学习_hash_set/hash_map/hash_multiset/hash_multimap篇

hash_set与hash_multiset

  • 简介

    hash_set是以hashtable为底层机制实现的。故对hash_set的各种操作可以转调用hashtable来实现。

    hash_set与set的不同:1)hash_set的底层机制是hashtable,而set的底层机制是RB-tree;2)set的元素能够自动排序,而hash_set的元素没有排序功能。hash_set中键值就是实值,实值就是键值。

    hash_multiset的与hash_set有很大的相同性,其唯一差别就是hash_multiset中的元素可以重复。hash_set中的插入函数使用的是hashtable中的insert_unique(),而hash_multiset中的插入函数使用的是hashtable中的insert_equal()。

  • 源码分析

    // hash_set类定义
    class hash_set
    {
      // requirements:
      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Value, _Assignable);
      __STL_CLASS_UNARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_HashFcn, size_t, _Value);
      __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_EqualKey, bool, _Value, _Value);
    
    private:
      typedef hashtable<_Value, _Value, _HashFcn, _Identity<_Value>, 
                        _EqualKey, _Alloc> _Ht;
      _Ht _M_ht;    // 底层机制为hashtable完成
    
    public:
      typedef typename _Ht::key_type key_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::value_type value_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::hasher hasher;
      typedef typename _Ht::key_equal key_equal;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::size_type size_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::difference_type difference_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer const_pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_reference reference;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_reference const_reference;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator iterator;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator const_iterator;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::allocator_type allocator_type;
    
      hasher hash_funct() const { return _M_ht.hash_funct(); }
      key_equal key_eq() const { return _M_ht.key_eq(); }
      allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _M_ht.get_allocator(); }
    
    public:
      // 缺省使用大小为100的表格。将被hash table调整为最接近且较大之质数
      hash_set()
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      explicit hash_set(size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_set(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_set(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) {}
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_set(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    #else
      // 以下,插入操作全部使用insert_unique(),不允许键值重复
      hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_set(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    
      hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_set(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
    public:
      // 所有操作几乎都是hash table对应版本。传递调用就行
      size_type size() const { return _M_ht.size(); }
      size_type max_size() const { return _M_ht.max_size(); }
      bool empty() const { return _M_ht.empty(); }
      void swap(hash_set& __hs) { _M_ht.swap(__hs._M_ht); }
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _Val, class _HF, class _EqK, class _Al>  
      friend bool operator== (const hash_set<_Val, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&,
                              const hash_set<_Val, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&);
    #else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER
      operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const hash_set&, const hash_set&);
    #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
      iterator begin() const { return _M_ht.begin(); }
      iterator end() const { return _M_ht.end(); }
    
    public:
      pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& __obj)
        {
          pair<typename _Ht::iterator, bool> __p = _M_ht.insert_unique(__obj);
          return pair<iterator,bool>(__p.first, __p.second);
        }
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      void insert(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) 
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f,__l); }
    #else
      void insert(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l) {
        _M_ht.insert_unique(__f,__l);
      }
      void insert(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l) 
        {_M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      pair<iterator, bool> insert_noresize(const value_type& __obj)
      {
        pair<typename _Ht::iterator, bool> __p = 
          _M_ht.insert_unique_noresize(__obj);
        return pair<iterator, bool>(__p.first, __p.second);
      }
    
      iterator find(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.find(__key); }
    
      size_type count(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.count(__key); }
    
      pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& __key) const
        { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); }
    
      size_type erase(const key_type& __key) {return _M_ht.erase(__key); }
      void erase(iterator __it) { _M_ht.erase(__it); }
      void erase(iterator __f, iterator __l) { _M_ht.erase(__f, __l); }
      void clear() { _M_ht.clear(); }
    
    public:
      void resize(size_type __hint) { _M_ht.resize(__hint); }
      size_type bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.bucket_count(); }
      size_type max_bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.max_bucket_count(); }
      size_type elems_in_bucket(size_type __n) const
        { return _M_ht.elems_in_bucket(__n); }
    };
    
    template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator==(const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
               const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2)
    {
      return __hs1._M_ht == __hs2._M_ht;
    }
    
    #ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER
    
    template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator!=(const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
               const hash_set<_Value,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2) {
      return !(__hs1 == __hs2);
    }
    
    template <class _Val, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline void 
    swap(hash_set<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
         hash_set<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2)
    {
      __hs1.swap(__hs2);
    }
    
    #endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */
    
    
    template <class _Value,
              class _HashFcn  __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(hash<_Value>),
              class _EqualKey __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(equal_to<_Value>),
              class _Alloc =  __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(_Value) >
    class hash_multiset;
    
    template <class _Val, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator==(const hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
               const hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2);
    
    // hash_multiset类
    template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    class hash_multiset
    {
      // requirements:
    
      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Value, _Assignable);
      __STL_CLASS_UNARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_HashFcn, size_t, _Value);
      __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_EqualKey, bool, _Value, _Value);
    
    private:
      typedef hashtable<_Value, _Value, _HashFcn, _Identity<_Value>, 
                        _EqualKey, _Alloc> _Ht;
      _Ht _M_ht;           // 底层实现机制为hashtable
    
    public:
      typedef typename _Ht::key_type key_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::value_type value_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::hasher hasher;
      typedef typename _Ht::key_equal key_equal;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::size_type size_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::difference_type difference_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer const_pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_reference reference;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_reference const_reference;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator iterator;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator const_iterator;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::allocator_type allocator_type;
    
      hasher hash_funct() const { return _M_ht.hash_funct(); }
      key_equal key_eq() const { return _M_ht.key_eq(); }
      allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _M_ht.get_allocator(); }
    
    public:
      // 缺省使用大小为100的表格。将被hash table调整为最接近且较大之质数
      hash_multiset()
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      explicit hash_multiset(size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_multiset(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_multiset(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) {}
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multiset(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multiset(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multiset(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multiset(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    #else
    
      // 以下插入操作全部使用inset\_equal(),允许键值重复
      hash_multiset(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multiset(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multiset(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multiset(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    
      hash_multiset(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multiset(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multiset(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multiset(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
    public:
      // 所有操作几乎都是hash table的对应版本,传递调用即可。
      size_type size() const { return _M_ht.size(); }
      size_type max_size() const { return _M_ht.max_size(); }
      bool empty() const { return _M_ht.empty(); }
      void swap(hash_multiset& hs) { _M_ht.swap(hs._M_ht); }
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _Val, class _HF, class _EqK, class _Al>  
      friend bool operator== (const hash_multiset<_Val, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&,
                              const hash_multiset<_Val, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&);
    #else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER
      operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const hash_multiset&,const hash_multiset&);
    #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
      iterator begin() const { return _M_ht.begin(); }
      iterator end() const { return _M_ht.end(); }
    
    public:
      iterator insert(const value_type& __obj)
        { return _M_ht.insert_equal(__obj); }
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      void insert(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) 
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f,__l); }
    #else
      void insert(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l) {
        _M_ht.insert_equal(__f,__l);
      }
      void insert(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l) 
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      iterator insert_noresize(const value_type& __obj)
        { return _M_ht.insert_equal_noresize(__obj); }    
    
      iterator find(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.find(__key); }
    
      size_type count(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.count(__key); }
    
      pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& __key) const
        { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); }
    
      size_type erase(const key_type& __key) {return _M_ht.erase(__key); }
      void erase(iterator __it) { _M_ht.erase(__it); }
      void erase(iterator __f, iterator __l) { _M_ht.erase(__f, __l); }
      void clear() { _M_ht.clear(); }
    
    public:
      void resize(size_type __hint) { _M_ht.resize(__hint); }
      size_type bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.bucket_count(); }
      size_type max_bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.max_bucket_count(); }
      size_type elems_in_bucket(size_type __n) const
        { return _M_ht.elems_in_bucket(__n); }
    };
    
    template <class _Val, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator==(const hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
               const hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2)
    {
      return __hs1._M_ht == __hs2._M_ht;
    }
    
    #ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER
    
    template <class _Val, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator!=(const hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
               const hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2) {
      return !(__hs1 == __hs2);
    }
    
    template <class _Val, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    inline void 
    swap(hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs1,
         hash_multiset<_Val,_HashFcn,_EqualKey,_Alloc>& __hs2) {
      __hs1.swap(__hs2);
    }
    
    #endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */
    
    // Specialization of insert_iterator so that it will work for hash_set
    // and hash_multiset.
    
    #ifdef __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
    
    template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    class insert_iterator<hash_set<_Value, _HashFcn, _EqualKey, _Alloc> > {
    protected:
      typedef hash_set<_Value, _HashFcn, _EqualKey, _Alloc> _Container;
      _Container* container;
    public:
      typedef _Container          container_type;
      typedef output_iterator_tag iterator_category;
      typedef void                value_type;
      typedef void                difference_type;
      typedef void                pointer;
      typedef void                reference;
    
      insert_iterator(_Container& __x) : container(&__x) {}
      insert_iterator(_Container& __x, typename _Container::iterator)
        : container(&__x) {}
      insert_iterator<_Container>&
      operator=(const typename _Container::value_type& __value) { 
        container->insert(__value);
        return *this;
      }
      insert_iterator<_Container>& operator*() { return *this; }
      insert_iterator<_Container>& operator++() { return *this; }
      insert_iterator<_Container>& operator++(int) { return *this; }
    };
    
    template <class _Value, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, class _Alloc>
    class insert_iterator<hash_multiset<_Value, _HashFcn, _EqualKey, _Alloc> > {
    protected:
      typedef hash_multiset<_Value, _HashFcn, _EqualKey, _Alloc> _Container;
      _Container* container;
      typename _Container::iterator iter;
    public:
      typedef _Container          container_type;
      typedef output_iterator_tag iterator_category;
      typedef void                value_type;
      typedef void                difference_type;
      typedef void                pointer;
      typedef void                reference;
    
      insert_iterator(_Container& __x) : container(&__x) {}
      insert_iterator(_Container& __x, typename _Container::iterator)
        : container(&__x) {}
      insert_iterator<_Container>&
      operator=(const typename _Container::value_type& __value) { 
        container->insert(__value);
        return *this;
      }
      insert_iterator<_Container>& operator*() { return *this; }
      insert_iterator<_Container>& operator++() { return *this; }
      insert_iterator<_Container>& operator++(int) { return *this; }
    };
    

hash_map与hash_multimap

  • 简介

    hash_map的底层实现机制是hashtable。故hash_map的操作行为都可以转hashtable的操作实现。hash_map与map之间的区别:1)底层实现机制不同。hash_map的底层实现机制是hashtable,而map的底层实现机制是RB-tree。2)map具有自动排序功能,而hash_map不具有自动排序功能。hash_map中的每一个元素都同时拥有实值(value)和键值(key)。

    hash_multimap与hash_map基本相似,二者主要的不同是hash_map中的元素不允许重复,但hash_multimap中的元素可以重复。故hash_mutimap中的插入函数使用的是hashtable中的insert_equal(),而hash_map中的插入函数使用的是hashtable中的insert_unique()函数。

  • 源码分析

    template <class _Key, class _Tp, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey,
              class _Alloc>
    class hash_map
    {
      // requirements:
    
      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Key, _Assignable);
      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);
      __STL_CLASS_UNARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_HashFcn, size_t, _Key);
      __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_EqualKey, bool, _Key, _Key);
    
    private:
      typedef hashtable<pair<const _Key,_Tp>,_Key,_HashFcn,
                        _Select1st<pair<const _Key,_Tp> >,_EqualKey,_Alloc> _Ht;
      _Ht _M_ht;        // 底层机制以hash table完成
    
    public:
      typedef typename _Ht::key_type key_type;
      typedef _Tp data_type;
      typedef _Tp mapped_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::value_type value_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::hasher hasher;
      typedef typename _Ht::key_equal key_equal;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::size_type size_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::difference_type difference_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::pointer pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer const_pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::reference reference;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_reference const_reference;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::iterator iterator;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator const_iterator;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::allocator_type allocator_type;
    
      hasher hash_funct() const { return _M_ht.hash_funct(); }
      key_equal key_eq() const { return _M_ht.key_eq(); }
      allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _M_ht.get_allocator(); }
    
    public:
      // 缺省使用大小为100的表格。将由hash table调整为最接近且较大之质数
      hash_map() : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      explicit hash_map(size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_map(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_map(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) {}
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_map(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_map(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_map(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_map(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    
    #else
      // 以下,插入操作全部使用insert_unique(),不允许键值重复
      hash_map(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_map(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_map(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_map(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    
      hash_map(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_map(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_map(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
      hash_map(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
               const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
               const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
    public:
      // 所有操作几乎都有hash table对应版本。传递调用就行
      size_type size() const { return _M_ht.size(); }
      size_type max_size() const { return _M_ht.max_size(); }
      bool empty() const { return _M_ht.empty(); }
      void swap(hash_map& __hs) { _M_ht.swap(__hs._M_ht); }
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _K1, class _T1, class _HF, class _EqK, class _Al>
      friend bool operator== (const hash_map<_K1, _T1, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&,
                              const hash_map<_K1, _T1, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&);
    #else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER
      operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const hash_map&, const hash_map&);
    #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
    
      iterator begin() { return _M_ht.begin(); }
      iterator end() { return _M_ht.end(); }
      const_iterator begin() const { return _M_ht.begin(); }
      const_iterator end() const { return _M_ht.end(); }
    
    public:
      pair<iterator,bool> insert(const value_type& __obj)
        { return _M_ht.insert_unique(__obj); }
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      void insert(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f,__l); }
    #else
      void insert(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l) {
        _M_ht.insert_unique(__f,__l);
      }
      void insert(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l)
        { _M_ht.insert_unique(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      pair<iterator,bool> insert_noresize(const value_type& __obj)
        { return _M_ht.insert_unique_noresize(__obj); }    
    
      iterator find(const key_type& __key) { return _M_ht.find(__key); }
      const_iterator find(const key_type& __key) const 
        { return _M_ht.find(__key); }
    
      _Tp& operator[](const key_type& __key) {
        return _M_ht.find_or_insert(value_type(__key, _Tp())).second;
      }
    
      size_type count(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.count(__key); }
    
      pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& __key)
        { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); }
      pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>
      equal_range(const key_type& __key) const
        { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); }
    
      size_type erase(const key_type& __key) {return _M_ht.erase(__key); }
      void erase(iterator __it) { _M_ht.erase(__it); }
      void erase(iterator __f, iterator __l) { _M_ht.erase(__f, __l); }
      void clear() { _M_ht.clear(); }
    
      void resize(size_type __hint) { _M_ht.resize(__hint); }
      size_type bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.bucket_count(); }
      size_type max_bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.max_bucket_count(); }
      size_type elems_in_bucket(size_type __n) const
        { return _M_ht.elems_in_bucket(__n); }
    };
    
    template <class _Key, class _Tp, class _HashFcn, class _EqlKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator==(const hash_map<_Key,_Tp,_HashFcn,_EqlKey,_Alloc>& __hm1,
               const hash_map<_Key,_Tp,_HashFcn,_EqlKey,_Alloc>& __hm2)
    {
      return __hm1._M_ht == __hm2._M_ht;
    }
    
    #ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER
    
    template <class _Key, class _Tp, class _HashFcn, class _EqlKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator!=(const hash_map<_Key,_Tp,_HashFcn,_EqlKey,_Alloc>& __hm1,
               const hash_map<_Key,_Tp,_HashFcn,_EqlKey,_Alloc>& __hm2) {
      return !(__hm1 == __hm2);
    }
    
    template <class _Key, class _Tp, class _HashFcn, class _EqlKey, class _Alloc>
    inline void 
    swap(hash_map<_Key,_Tp,_HashFcn,_EqlKey,_Alloc>& __hm1,
         hash_map<_Key,_Tp,_HashFcn,_EqlKey,_Alloc>& __hm2)
    {
      __hm1.swap(__hm2);
    }
    
    #endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */
    
    // Forward declaration of equality operator; needed for friend declaration.
    
    template <class _Key, class _Tp,
              class _HashFcn  __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(hash<_Key>),
              class _EqualKey __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(equal_to<_Key>),
              class _Alloc =  __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(_Tp) >
    class hash_multimap;
    
    template <class _Key, class _Tp, class _HF, class _EqKey, class _Alloc>
    inline bool 
    operator==(const hash_multimap<_Key,_Tp,_HF,_EqKey,_Alloc>& __hm1,
               const hash_multimap<_Key,_Tp,_HF,_EqKey,_Alloc>& __hm2);
    
    template <class _Key, class _Tp, class _HashFcn, class _EqualKey, 
              class _Alloc>
    
    // hash_multimap类
    class hash_multimap
    {
      // requirements:
    
      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Key, _Assignable);
      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);
      __STL_CLASS_UNARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_HashFcn, size_t, _Key);
      __STL_CLASS_BINARY_FUNCTION_CHECK(_EqualKey, bool, _Key, _Key);
    
    private:
      typedef hashtable<pair<const _Key, _Tp>, _Key, _HashFcn,
                        _Select1st<pair<const _Key, _Tp> >, _EqualKey, _Alloc> 
              _Ht;
      _Ht _M_ht;           // 底层实现机制为hashtable
    
    public:
      typedef typename _Ht::key_type key_type;
      typedef _Tp data_type;
      typedef _Tp mapped_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::value_type value_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::hasher hasher;
      typedef typename _Ht::key_equal key_equal;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::size_type size_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::difference_type difference_type;
      typedef typename _Ht::pointer pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_pointer const_pointer;
      typedef typename _Ht::reference reference;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_reference const_reference;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::iterator iterator;
      typedef typename _Ht::const_iterator const_iterator;
    
      typedef typename _Ht::allocator_type allocator_type;
    
      hasher hash_funct() const { return _M_ht.hash_funct(); }
      key_equal key_eq() const { return _M_ht.key_eq(); }
      allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _M_ht.get_allocator(); }
    
    public:
      // 缺省使用大小为100的表格。将被hash table调整为最接近且较大之质数
      hash_multimap() : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      explicit hash_multimap(size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_multimap(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type()) {}
      hash_multimap(size_type __n, const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a) {}
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multimap(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multimap(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multimap(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      template <class _InputIterator>
      hash_multimap(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    
    #else
      // 以下,插入操作全部使用insert_equal(),允许键值重复
      hash_multimap(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multimap(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multimap(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multimap(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    
      hash_multimap(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l)
        : _M_ht(100, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multimap(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n)
        : _M_ht(__n, hasher(), key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multimap(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf)
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, key_equal(), allocator_type())
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
      hash_multimap(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l, size_type __n,
                    const hasher& __hf, const key_equal& __eql,
                    const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
        : _M_ht(__n, __hf, __eql, __a)
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
    public:
      // 所有操作几乎都有hash table的对应版本,传递调用即可。
      size_type size() const { return _M_ht.size(); }
      size_type max_size() const { return _M_ht.max_size(); }
      bool empty() const { return _M_ht.empty(); }
      void swap(hash_multimap& __hs) { _M_ht.swap(__hs._M_ht); }
    
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _K1, class _T1, class _HF, class _EqK, class _Al>
      friend bool operator== (const hash_multimap<_K1, _T1, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&,
                              const hash_multimap<_K1, _T1, _HF, _EqK, _Al>&);
    #else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER
      operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const hash_multimap&,const hash_multimap&);
    #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
    
      iterator begin() { return _M_ht.begin(); }
      iterator end() { return _M_ht.end(); }
      const_iterator begin() const { return _M_ht.begin(); }
      const_iterator end() const { return _M_ht.end(); }
    
    public:
      iterator insert(const value_type& __obj) 
        { return _M_ht.insert_equal(__obj); }
    #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
      template <class _InputIterator>
      void insert(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) 
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f,__l); }
    #else
      void insert(const value_type* __f, const value_type* __l) {
        _M_ht.insert_equal(__f,__l);
      }
      void insert(const_iterator __f, const_iterator __l) 
        { _M_ht.insert_equal(__f, __l); }
    #endif /*__STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
      iterator insert_noresize(const value_type& __obj)
        { return _M_ht.insert_equal_noresize(__obj); }    
    
      iterator find(const key_type& __key) { return _M_ht.find(__key); }
      const_iterator find(const key_type& __key) const 
        { return _M_ht.find(__key); }
    
      size_type count(const key_type& __key) const { return _M_ht.count(__key); }
    
      pair<iterator, iterator> equal_range(const key_type& __key)
        { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); }
      pair<const_iterator, const_iterator>
      equal_range(const key_type& __key) const
        { return _M_ht.equal_range(__key); }
    
      size_type erase(const key_type& __key) {return _M_ht.erase(__key); }
      void erase(iterator __it) { _M_ht.erase(__it); }
      void erase(iterator __f, iterator __l) { _M_ht.erase(__f, __l); }
      void clear() { _M_ht.clear(); }
    
    public:
      void resize(size_type __hint) { _M_ht.resize(__hint); }
      size_type bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.bucket_count(); }
      size_type max_bucket_count() const { return _M_ht.max_bucket_count(); }
      size_type elems_in_bucket(size_type __n) const
        { return _M_ht.elems_in_bucket(__n); }
    };
    
  • 参考文献

    STL源码剖析——侯捷

    STL源码

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