首先说一下信号量的PV操作:
1.PV操作:P操作使sem减一,V操作使sem加一。根据信号量的值来判断是否对公共资源的访问与操作权限。 当sem大于等于0时候,才有访问权限。当sem1小于等于0则被堵塞,直到大于为止。
2.相关函数说明
sem_ini: 创建一个信号量以及初始化值。
sem_wait与sem_trywait :P操作,sem_wait当信号量小于零时维度赛,sem_trywait则会立即返回。
sem_post:V操作,他将信号量加一,并唤醒P操作的等待线程。
sem_getvalue:用于获取信号量的值
sem_destory:用于删除信号量
Demo例子:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<semaphore.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#define FIFO "myfifo"
#define N 5
int lock_var;
time_t end_time;
char buf_r[100];
sem_t mutex,full,avail;
int fd;
void productor(void *arg);
void consumer(void *arg);
int main(int argc ,char *arhv[])
{
pthread_t id1,id2;
pthread_t mon_th_id;
int ret;
end_time=time(NULL)+30;
if((mkfifo(FIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
printf("cannot create fifoserver\n");
printf("preparing for reading bytes...\n");
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
fd=open(FIFO,O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK,0);
if(fd==-1)
{
perror("open");
exit(1);
}
ret=sem_init(&mutex,0,1);
ret=sem_init(&avail,0,N);
ret=sem_init(&full,0,0);
if(ret!=0)
{
perror("sem_init");
}
ret=pthread_create(&id1,NULL,(void *)productor,NULL);
ret=pthread_create(&id2,NULL,(void *)consumer,NULL);
pthread_join(id1,NULL);
pthread_join(id2,NULL);
exit(0);
}
void productor(void *arg)
{
int i,nwrite;
while(time(NULL)<end_time)
{
sem_wait(&avail);
sem_wait(&mutex);
if((nwrite=write(fd,"hello",5))==-1)
{
if(errno==EAGAIN)
printf("the fifo has not been read yet\n");
}
else
printf("write hello to the fifo\n");
sem_post(&full);
sem_post(&mutex);
sleep(1);
}
}
void consumer(void *arg)
{
int nolock=0;
int ret,nread;
while(time (NULL)<end_time)
{
sem_wait(&full);
sem_wait(&mutex);
memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
if((nread=read(fd,buf_r,100))==-1)
{
if(errno==EAGAIN)
printf("no data\n");
}
printf("read %s from FIFO\n",buf_r);
sem_post(&avail);
sem_post(&mutex);
sleep(1);
}
}