在上一篇文章:程序员必备技能!给别人的代码挑错之Java教材上的"计算器"实例中,我挑了教材例题里的三个毛病,今天,我自己写了一道练习题,打算揪一揪自己的毛病
先来看看题目吧:
定义一个学生类Sudent,属性包括学号、班号、姓名、性别、年龄、班级总人数，方法包括获得学号、获得班号、获得姓名、获得性别、获得年龄、获得班级总人数、修改学号、修改班号、修改姓名、修改性别、修改年龄，以及一个toString()方法将Student类中的所有属组合成一个字符串。定义一个学生数组对象。设计Test类进行测试。
我的第一版是这样写的(想直接看改进版的可以戳这):
package project1;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @author 郑博培
*/
public class Student<age, name> {
int id;
String classId;
String name;
String sex;
int age;
int classNumber;
public Student(int id,String classId,String name,String sex,int age,int classNumber){
this.id = id;
this.classId = classId;
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
this.classNumber = classNumber;
}
public void getId(){
System.out.println("学号:" + this.id);
}
public void getClassId(){
System.out.println("班号:" + this.classId);
}
public void getName(){
System.out.println("姓名:" + this.name);
}
public void getSex(){
System.out.println("性别:" + this.sex);
}
public void getAge(){
System.out.println("年龄:" + this.age);
}
public void getClassNumber(){
System.out.println("性别:" + this.classNumber);
}
public void setId(){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入学号: ");
this.id = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("学号已修改为:" + this.id);
}
public void setClassId(){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入班号: ");
this.classId = sc.next();
System.out.println("班号已修改为:" + this.classId);
}
public void setName(){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入姓名: ");
this.name = sc.next();
System.out.println("姓名已修改为:" + this.name);
}
public void setSex(){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入性别: ");
this.sex = sc.next();
System.out.println("性别已修改为:" + this.sex);
}
public void setAge(){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入年龄: ");
this.age = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("年龄已修改为:" + this.age);
}
public void setClassNumber(){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入班号: ");
this.classNumber = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("班级总人数已修改为:" + this.classNumber);
}
@Override
public String toString(){
String info;
info = this.id + " " + this.classId + " " + this.name + " " + this.sex + " " + this.age + " " + this.classNumber;
System.out.println("学号 班号 姓名 性别 年龄 班级总人数");
System.out.println("个人信息: " + info);
return info;
}
}
package project1;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @author Administrator
*/
public class TestStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int item;
Student leagueSecretary = new Student(11, "1801", "郑博培", "男", 20, 28);
leagueSecretary.toString();
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("**********Menu**********");
System.out.println("1.修改学号");
System.out.println("2.修改班号");
System.out.println("3.修改姓名");
System.out.println("4.修改年龄");
System.out.println("5.退出");
System.out.println("*******************************");
System.out.println("输入您要进行的操作：");
item = sc.nextInt();
switch (item) {
case 1:
leagueSecretary.setId();
break;
case 2:
leagueSecretary.setClassId();
break;
case 3:
leagueSecretary.setName();
break;
case 4:
leagueSecretary.setAge();
break;
case 5:
break;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误！");
}
leagueSecretary.toString();
}
}
这样写是把一条数据当成一个对象来实现的,对于只有一条数据的对象来说比较好解决,可是如果数据量很大呢?
有成百上千条数据时,有没有更优的办法?
当然有方法!我们引入数据库不就好了吗?
关于数据库的使用方法,大家可以查看我的这篇文章:
Java连接MySQL时解决java.lang.ClassNotFoundException
这里我使用的云数据库,其实使用方法跟本地的数据库是一样的,在"StudentSQL.java"文件里的思路是:
连接云端MySQL数据库(初始化)
对云数据库不太了解的同学可以查看这篇文章:
写给大忙人看的数据库迁移上云与爬取云数据库实例(MySQL)
public class StudentSQL {
int studentId = 0;
String classId;
String name;
String sex;
int age;
int classNumber;
private final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
private final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://mysql.rds.aliyuncs.com:3306/";
private final String USER = "";
private final String PASS = "";
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
String sql;
public StudentSQL() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER);
System.out.println("连接数据库...");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
System.out.println("云数据库已成功连接!");
// 执行查询
stmt = conn.createStatement();
}
}
- DB_URL需要填写自己的数据库地址,如果是本地数据库的话就是127.0.0.1,端口号都是3306
- USER是数据库的账户名
- PASS是数据库的密码
因为涉及数据库安全,这里我就不公开了哈哈哈,如果是学习需要,可以私聊我
简单解释一下,构造方法里实现的是数据库连接,因为构造方法只在对象创建时运行,而数据库连接也只需要连接一次,因此我把数据库连接放到了构造方法里
这是云数据库的student表界面:
获取数据库输出内容(get方法)
在这个程序里,我的get方法很多,下面为大家一一道来:
getOutput
public void getOutput(String sql) throws SQLException {
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
// 展开结果集数据库
while(rs.next()){
// 通过字段检索
try {
if (rs.findColumn("studentId") != 0) {
this.studentId = rs.getInt("studentId");
System.out.print(" studentId: " + this.studentId);
}
}catch (SQLException e){}
try {
if (rs.findColumn("classId") != 0){
this.classId = rs.getString("classId");
System.out.print(" classId: " + this.classId);
}
}catch (SQLException e){}
try {
if (rs.findColumn("name") != 0){
this.name = rs.getString("name");
System.out.print(" name: " + this.name);
}
}catch (SQLException e){}
try {
if (rs.findColumn("sex") != 0){
this.sex = rs.getString("sex");
System.out.print(" sex: " + this.sex);
}
}catch (SQLException e){}
try {
if (rs.findColumn("age") != 0){
this.age = rs.getInt("age");
System.out.print(" age: " + this.age);
}
}catch (SQLException e){}
try {
if (rs.findColumn("classNumber") != 0){
this.classNumber = rs.getInt("classNumber");
System.out.print(" classNumber: " + this.classNumber);
}
}catch (SQLException e){}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("已全部输出!");
}
这里给大家讲一下try语句,我们知道,如果数据库返回的内容里没有某个字段时,使用getString()或者getInt()是会报错的,findColumn()也是如此,而try{}catch{}语句就能很好地解决这一问题
从字面理解,try就是尝试,尝试运行这条语句,如果语句运行失败,程序并不会终止,会继续运行
既然上面提到了getString()、getInt()和findColumn(),这里我也解释一下:
- getString()是获取字段的值,且值是String类型的方法
- getInt()是获取字段的值,且值是Int类型的方法
- findColumn()可以获取字段的索引,因此也可以用来判断字段是否存在
getAll
public void getAll() throws SQLException {
sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
getOutput(sql);
}
很简单的SQL语句:
SELECT * FROM 表名
获取该表里的全部数据,星 * 就是全部的意思
getId
public void getId() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("学号范围:2020000001~2020999999");
System.out.println("请输入学号: ");
int studentId = sc.nextInt();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = " + studentId;
getOutput(sql);
}
比刚刚的SQL语句更复杂了一些,加了一个where用作判断,其实很简单,就是字面意思
getClassId
public void getClassId() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("以下是所有班号: ");
sql = "SELECT `classId` FROM `student` GROUP BY `classId` ";
getOutput(sql);
System.out.println("请输入班号: ");
String classId = sc.next();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `classId` = '" + classId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
getName
public void getName() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入姓名: ");
String name = sc.next();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `name` = '" + name + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
getSex
public void getSex() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入性别: ");
String sex = sc.next();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `sex` = '" + sex + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
getAge
public void getAge() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入年龄: ");
int age = sc.nextInt();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `age` = " + age;
getOutput(sql);
}
getClassNumber
public void getClassNumber() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入班级总人数: ");
int classNumber = sc.nextInt();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `classNumber` = " + classNumber;
getOutput(sql);
}
其实只要看懂前面几个get方法就可以了,后面的都是换汤不换药
通过Java语句修改云端数据库(set方法)
set方法也有很多,但本质其实就是SQL语句里的UPDATE,当你理解其中一两个以后,剩下的就很简单了
setInfo
public void setInfo() throws SQLException {
System.out.println("请输入该生的学号:");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
this.studentId = sc.nextInt();
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = '" + this.studentId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
int item;
modify:
while (true) {
System.out.println("**********请选择需要修改的字段**********");
System.out.println("1.学号");
System.out.println("2.班号");
System.out.println("3.姓名");
System.out.println("4.性别");
System.out.println("5.年龄");
System.out.println("6.班级总人数");
System.out.println("7.退出");
System.out.println("*******************************");
System.out.println("输入您要进行的操作：");
item = sc.nextInt();
switch (item) {
case 1:
setStudentId();
break;
case 2:
setClassId();
break;
case 3:
setName();
break;
case 4:
setSex();
break;
case 5:
setAge();
break;
case 6:
setClassNumber();
break;
case 7:
break modify;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误！");
}
}
}
这里以学号作为标准,因为姓名有可能出现同名同姓的情况,而学号不会,每个人都有自己的学号
从学号获取学生的信息,再拉个菜单,选择要修改哪些字段,这样一来,思路便清晰了许多,其实这一步跟前面的getOutput是类似的
setStudentId
public void setStudentId() {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入学号: ");
String studentId = sc.next();
System.out.println("将学号从" + this.studentId + "改成" + studentId);
System.out.println("学号是重要字段,已为您提交工单!");
}
因为学号是主键,所以这里不会直接去修改学号,一定要修改的话,需要再次确认
setClassId
public void setClassId() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入班号: ");
String classId = sc.next();
sql = "UPDATE `student` SET `classId` = '" + classId + "' WHERE `studentId` = " + this.studentId;
boolean rs = stmt.execute(sql);
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = '" + studentId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
这里用了两个sql语句,第二句其实是做对比的,用来查看是否成功修改了
setName
public void setName() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入姓名: ");
String name = sc.next();
sql = "UPDATE `student` SET `name` = '" + name + "' WHERE `studentId` = " + this.studentId;
boolean rs = stmt.execute(sql);
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = '" + studentId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
这里需要注意的是name和this.name不是同一个变量,name只能在这个void里使用,存放的是修改(修正)后的姓名
setSex
public void setSex() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入性别: ");
String sex = sc.next();
sql = "UPDATE `student` SET `sex` = '" + sex + "' WHERE `studentId` = " + this.studentId;
boolean rs = stmt.execute(sql);
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = '" + studentId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
setAge
public void setAge() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入年龄: ");
int age = sc.nextInt();
sql = "UPDATE `student` SET `age` = '" + age + "' WHERE `studentId` = " + this.studentId;
boolean rs = stmt.execute(sql);
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = '" + studentId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
setClassNumber
public void setClassNumber() throws SQLException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入班号: ");
int classNumber = sc.nextInt();
sql = "UPDATE `student` SET `classNumber` = '" + classNumber + "' WHERE `studentId` = " + this.studentId;
boolean rs = stmt.execute(sql);
sql = "SELECT * FROM `student` WHERE `studentId` = '" + studentId + "' ";
getOutput(sql);
}
另外,细心的朋友应该会发现:
-
set方法里提交sql语句用的是:
boolean rs = stmt.execute(sql); -
get方法里提交sql语句用的是:
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
这个地方是需要注意的,不然就会报错
下面我们把测试类写上:
package project1;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @author Administrator
*/
public class TestStudentSQL {
public static void main(String []args) throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {
StudentSQL newConnect = new StudentSQL();
int item;
connect:
while (true) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("**********Menu**********");
System.out.println("1.查看所有同学信息");
System.out.println("2.按学号查找");
System.out.println("3.按班号查找");
System.out.println("4.按姓名查找");
System.out.println("5.按性别查找");
System.out.println("6.按年龄查找");
System.out.println("7.按班级总人数查找");
System.out.println("8.修改学生信息");
System.out.println("9.退出");
System.out.println("*******************************");
System.out.println("输入您要进行的操作：");
item = sc.nextInt();
switch (item) {
case 1:
newConnect.getAll();
break;
case 2:
newConnect.getId();
break;
case 3:
newConnect.getClassId();
break;
case 4:
newConnect.getName();
break;
case 5:
newConnect.getSex();
break;
case 6:
newConnect.getAge();
break;
case 7:
newConnect.getClassNumber();
break;
case 8:
newConnect.setInfo();
break;
case 9:
break connect;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误！");
}
}
newConnect.closeDatabase();
System.out.println("云服务器已断开连接");
}
}
测试类主要实现的是方法的调用,因此代码应该尽可能地简洁
以上就是全部内容,大家也可以根据我的代码,继续修改出一个更完善的程序
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