Django学习(六)-自动化测试

Django自动化测试官方文档

1.首先看之前的models文件，其中的was_published_recently方法是有逻辑上错误的

from django.db import models
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone

class Question(models.Model):
    question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    def __str__(self):
        return self.question_text

    def was_published_recently(self):
        return self.pub_date >= timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

class Choice(models.Model):
    question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.choice_text

2.对这个bug进行测试，

Django 应用的测试应该写在应用的 tests.py 文件里。

import datetime

from django.test import TestCase
from django.utils import timezone

from .models import Question


class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):

    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
        is in the future.
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)

测试命令:python manage.py test polls
结果:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionModelTests)
was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\86150\Desktop\我的PYTHON项目\mysite\polls\tests.py", line 18, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
    self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
AssertionError: True is not False

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=1)
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

修复：修改 models.py

def was_published_recently(self):
    now = timezone.now()
    return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now

修复过后的结果:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

3.完善基于pub_date的测试视图

在test文件中加入两个新的测试函数如下

#在test文件中加入两个新的测试函数如下
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
    """
    was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
    is older than 1 day.
    """
    time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
    old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)

def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
    """
    was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date
    is within the last day.
    """
    time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
    recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
    self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)

结果:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

C:\Users\86150\Desktop\我的PYTHON项目\mysite>python3 manage.py test polls
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.002s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...

Django Client

Client的工作模式：

C:\Users\86150\Desktop\我的PYTHON项目\mysite>python3 manage.py shell
Python 3.8.2 (tags/v3.8.2:7b3ab59, Feb 25 2020, 22:45:29) [MSC v.1916 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
>>> setup_test_environment()
>>> from django.test import Client
>>> client = Client()
>>> from django.urls import reverse
>>> response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
>>> response.status_code
200
>>> response.content
b'\n    <ul>\n    \n        <li><a href="/polls/2/">what fuck</a></li>    \n        <li><a href="/polls/1/">What&#39;s up?</a></li>    \n    </ul>\
n'
>>> response.context['latest_question_list']
<QuerySet [<Question: what fuck>, <Question: What's up?>]>

测试视图的bug:index页面所显示的list里面会显示出pub_Date为未来的问题，这显然不是正确的

#问题代码
class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    template_name = 'polls/index.html'
    context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'

    def get_queryset(self):
        """Return the last five published questions."""
        return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
#针对这个问题的修改
    def get_queryset(self):
        """
        Return the last five published questions (not including those set to be
        published in the future).
        """
        return Question.objects.filter(
            pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
        ).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

最终包含了七个关于视图和时间逻辑的test:

#test
import datetime
from django.urls import reverse
from django.test import TestCase
from django.utils import timezone

from .models import Question


def create_question(question_text, days):
    """
    Create a question with the given `question_text` and published the
    given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
    in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
    """
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
    return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)


class QuestionIndexViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_no_questions(self):
        """
        If no questions exist, an appropriate message is displayed.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

    def test_past_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the past are displayed on the
        index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )

    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the future aren't displayed on
        the index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])

    def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
        """
        Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
        are displayed.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )

    def test_two_past_questions(self):
        """
        The questions index page may display multiple questions.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
        )
class QuestionDetailViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future
        returns a 404 not found.
        """
        future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.', days=5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_question.id,))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_past_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past
        displays the question's text.
        """
        past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.', days=-5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_question.id,))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text)
# class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
#
#     def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
#         """
#         was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
#         is in the future.
#         """
#         time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
#         future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
#         self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
#
#     def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
#         """
#         was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
#         is older than 1 day.
#         """
#         time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
#         old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
#         self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
#
#     def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
#         """
#         was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date
#         is within the last day.
#         """
#         time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
#         recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
#         self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)

测试结果:

Creating test database for alias 'default'...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.......
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 7 tests in 0.133s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...