图像处理的对象及其空洞的处理

  [B,L,N,A] = bwboundaries(varargin)

B = BWBOUNDARIES(BW) traces the exterior boundary of objects, as well as boundaries of holes inside these objects！！

B： is a P-by-1 cell array, where P is the number of objects  and holes. Each cell contains a Q-by-2 matrix, where Q is the number of boundary pixels for the corresponding region. Each row of these Q-by-2  matrices contains the row and column coordinates of a boundary pixel. The coordinates are ordered in a clockwise direction.

像素联通方式：默认是8联通的

系数默认也是：'holes‘    可以设置 'noholes'  选项；

L: the label matrix, ——labeled the Objects and holes。k-th region includes all elements in L that have value k. The number of objects and holes represented by L is equal to max(L(:))

N： the number of objects, 在 B 中的 P 个对象和洞， 对 大于 N 的 为洞

A： represents the parent-child-hole dependencies

    m <= P

enclosing_boundary  = find(A(m,:));    % B{m}被包围的区间；

enclosed_boundaries = find(A(:,m));  %被 B{m} 包围的