STM32的ADC采集实现的信号抓取，然后通过串口传到上位机中显示

之前有小伙伴提到需要虚拟示波器的资料，有些库还有文件丢失了，直接给的工程跑不起来，这里我把关键的地方讲解一下，大家可以自行开发。其实开发不难，只是有些点会耗点时间。虚拟示波器，顾名思义就是非实物的示波器，但也还是硬件（便携的采集设备）和软件（在电脑上显示和操作）的结合，和数字示波器相比，本质上区别不大，现在贵一些的数字示波器从功能上看，也很像一台计算机了)。今天要讲的只是低配的，简易版的虚拟示波器（在下当年的毕业设计）。下位机是基于STM32的ADC采集实现的信号抓取，然后通过串口传到上位机中显示。单片机的ADC和串口传输，注定了这虚拟示波器采集的波形频率不会太高，之前能在上位机上还原得比较好的波形频率是25Khz以下，如果大家有其他更快的采集(DSP,FPGA，NI采集卡)和数据上传的方式(USB等)，可以尝试一下，也期待你们的分享。下面大体对硬件(外围电路)，单片机程序(STM32)，和上位机程序(labview)三部分进行讲解。

1、硬件

        硬件很简单，就是将输入到单片机的波形信号进行处理。因为我用的STM32的单片机，能检测到的电压值是0~3.3V，所以硬件部分就是把输入的交流信号先控制在-1.65V~1.65V之间，最后再通过电路将信号往上偏置1.65V就可以给单片机采集了。至于如何将信号放大放小，控制到可采集的电压范围呢，可以通过上位机发送串口数据给单片机，让单片机控制继电器（或者其他开关方式）切换运放端的电阻，达到更改运放倍数的方式，最后上位机呈现波形的时候加上放大缩小的倍数，就可以在上位机界面上还原波形信号了。我这里先采用了LM358的双电源运放芯片（交流信号，需要双电源运放芯片），后面因为LM358在高频输入的时候，运放输出的信号在零点处会失真，换了一款高频的运放芯片UA741，问题解决。双电源里面的负电压是通过LCL7660输出的。至于偏置电压，是我在multisim上面仿真出来的，实际测试后确实可以偏置，大家可以尝试使用1比1的运放后加偏置电压，也可以参考我的设计电路。附上完整电路图。

1-1：运放电路

这是直接用了毕业设计里面的图片，之前的文件不见了。应该能看懂吧 。运放采用的是最简单的负反馈放大电路。放大倍数Vout/Vin=R1/R2。

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