http://blog.csdn.net/chosen0ne/article/details/7736625
原本计划这一篇的内容是配置文件的解析,不过为了连贯性,还是继续nginx初始化的过程。nginx的进程模型与大多数http服务器采用的模型是一样的,都是Master-Worker模型。Master进程负责处理外部信号,同时管理所有的Worker进程。而Worker进程就是用来处理连接的建立、请求和响应,大部分的事件处理都是在worker进程中。
1. 基本的数据结构
1. ngx_process_t
进程数据结构,用来表示的worker进程。nginx中把所有创建的进程放到ngx_processes数组(os/unix/ngx_process.c)中,其中进程pid不为-1的元素都是存活的进程。ngx_processes数组的大小由NGX_MAX_PROCESSES宏定义,大小是1024,也就是说nginx最多允许1024个进程,这个数字挺大的,一般是用不到这么多的。每个worker进程内部都有ngx_processes数组,用来保存所有worker进程,通过进程的channel就可以实现worker进程的通信。但是之前创建的worker进程是不会保存之后创建的进程的信息,这里需要一种机制来向之前创建的worker进程传递所有后来创建的进程的信息,这部分内容后面会介绍。
- typedef struct {
- /**
- * 进程id
- */
- ngx_pid_t pid;
- /**
- * 进程退出的状态
- */
- int status;
- /**
- * 进程的channel,通过socketpair创建的
- */
- ngx_socket_t channel[2];
- /**
- * 进程的初始化函数,在每次创建完worker进程时调用
- */
- ngx_spawn_proc_pt proc;
- /**
- * 向进程初始化函数传递的参数
- */
- void *data;
- char *name;
- /**
- * 进程的状态
- */
- unsigned respawn:1;
- unsigned just_spawn:1;
- unsigned detached:1;
- unsigned exiting:1;
- unsigned exited:1;
- } ngx_process_t;
实际上就是nginx进程通信传递的消息。
- typedef struct {
- /**
- * 向worker进程发送的命令
- */
- ngx_uint_t command;
- /**
- * 对应进程的id
- */
- ngx_pid_t pid;
- /**
- * 对应的进程在ngx_processes数组中的下标
- */
- ngx_int_t slot;
- /**
- * 文件描述符
- */
- ngx_fd_t fd;
- } ngx_channel_t;
2. 进程模型的初始化
在nginx启动过程的最后部分工作是进程模型的初始化。
- if (ngx_process == NGX_PROCESS_SINGLE) {
- ngx_single_process_cycle(cycle);
- } else {
- ngx_master_process_cycle(cycle);
- }
- sigemptyset(&set);
- sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
- sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
- sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
- sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
- sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
- sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
- sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
- sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
- sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
- sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
- if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "sigprocmask() failed");
- }
- sigemptyset(&set);
- size = sizeof(master_process);
- for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
- size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
- }
- title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
- p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
- for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
- *p++ = ' ';
- p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
- }
- // 设置进程显示的名称,包括命令行参数
- ngx_setproctitle(title);
- ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
- NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
- static void
- ngx_start_worker_processes(ngx_cycle_t *cycle, ngx_int_t n, ngx_int_t type)
- {
- ngx_int_t i;
- ngx_channel_t ch;
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "start worker processes");
- // 传递给其他worker进程的命令
- ch.command = NGX_CMD_OPEN_CHANNEL;
- for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
- cpu_affinity = ngx_get_cpu_affinity(i);
- /**
- * 创建worker进程,ngx_worker_process_cycle是函数指针
- * 在创建worker进程后调用,用来初始化worker进程的主循环
- */
- ngx_spawn_process(cycle, ngx_worker_process_cycle, NULL,
- "worker process", type);
- /**
- * 初始化channel
- */
- ch.pid = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].pid;
- ch.slot = ngx_process_slot;
- ch.fd = ngx_processes[ngx_process_slot].channel[0];
- /**
- * 向之前创建worker进程传递这个channel,worker进程在接收到之后会更新自己的ngx_processes
- * 全局进程表。
- */
- ngx_pass_open_channel(cycle, &ch);
- }
- }
- if (respawn >= 0) {
- s = respawn;
- } else {
- /**
- * 在全局进程表ngx_processes中查找第一个空的结构,用来存放新创建的进程的信息。
- */
- for (s = 0; s < ngx_last_process; s++) {
- if (ngx_processes[s].pid == -1) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (s == NGX_MAX_PROCESSES) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, 0,
- "no more than %d processes can be spawned",
- NGX_MAX_PROCESSES);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- }
在全局进程表中查找一个ngx_process_t结构用来存储新建的进程的信息。
- if (respawn != NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED) {
- /* Solaris 9 still has no AF_LOCAL */
- /**
- * 调用socketpair创建一对相互连接的unix域socket,用于进程间的全双工通信
- */
- if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ngx_processes[s].channel) == -1)
- {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "socketpair() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- ngx_log_debug2(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_CORE, cycle->log, 0,
- "channel %d:%d",
- ngx_processes[s].channel[0],
- ngx_processes[s].channel[1]);
- /**
- * 将用于进程通信的socket设置成非阻塞的
- */
- if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[0]) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
- name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- /**
- * 将用于进程通信的socket设置成非阻塞的
- */
- if (ngx_nonblocking(ngx_processes[s].channel[1]) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- ngx_nonblocking_n " failed while spawning \"%s\"",
- name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- on = 1;
- /**
- * 设置成信号驱动异步io,有io时内核发送SIGIO信号
- */
- if (ioctl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], FIOASYNC, &on) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "ioctl(FIOASYNC) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- /**
- * 设置将接收SIGIO和SIGURG信号的进程id
- */
- if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETOWN, ngx_pid) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "fcntl(F_SETOWN) failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- /**
- * 当执行exec时关闭描述符
- */
- if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
- name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- if (fcntl(ngx_processes[s].channel[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "fcntl(FD_CLOEXEC) failed while spawning \"%s\"",
- name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- }
- // 当前的子进程的描述符
- ngx_channel = ngx_processes[s].channel[1];
- } else {
- ngx_processes[s].channel[0] = -1;
- ngx_processes[s].channel[1] = -1;
- }
- /**
- * ngx_process_slot是新创建的进程在ngx_processes数组中的下标
- */
- ngx_process_slot = s;
- pid = fork();
- switch (pid) {
- case -1:
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "fork() failed while spawning \"%s\"", name);
- ngx_close_channel(ngx_processes[s].channel, cycle->log);
- return NGX_INVALID_PID;
- case 0:
- ngx_pid = ngx_getpid();
- proc(cycle, data);
- break;
- default:
- break;
- }
- /**
- * 将新创建的进程放入master进程的ngx_processes数组中
- */
- ngx_processes[s].pid = pid;
- ngx_processes[s].exited = 0;
- if (respawn >= 0) {
- return pid;
- }
- ngx_processes[s].proc = proc;
- ngx_processes[s].data = data;
- ngx_processes[s].name = name;
- ngx_processes[s].exiting = 0;
- switch (respawn) {
- case NGX_PROCESS_NORESPAWN:
- ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
- ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
- ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
- break;
- case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_SPAWN:
- ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
- ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
- ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
- break;
- case NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN:
- ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
- ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
- ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
- break;
- case NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN:
- ngx_processes[s].respawn = 1;
- ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 1;
- ngx_processes[s].detached = 0;
- break;
- case NGX_PROCESS_DETACHED:
- ngx_processes[s].respawn = 0;
- ngx_processes[s].just_spawn = 0;
- ngx_processes[s].detached = 1;
- break;
- }
- if (s == ngx_last_process) {
- ngx_last_process++;
- }
- return pid;
master进程的剩余工作就是更新全局进程表中,新建的worker进程的一些状态信息。当master进程从ngx_start_worker_processes函数返回后,直接进入master进程的主循环。
- /**
- * master进程的主循环
- */
- for ( ;; ) {
- if (delay) {
- if (ngx_sigalrm) {
- sigio = 0;
- delay *= 2;
- ngx_sigalrm = 0;
- }
- ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
- "termination cycle: %d", delay);
- itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
- itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
- itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
- itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
- if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
- "setitimer() failed");
- }
- }
- ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
- sigsuspend(&set);
- ngx_time_update();
- ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
- "wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
- if (ngx_reap) {
- ngx_reap = 0;
- ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
- live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
- }
- if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
- ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
- }
- if (ngx_terminate) {
- if (delay == 0) {
- delay = 50;
- }
- if (sigio) {
- sigio--;
- continue;
- }
- sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
- if (delay > 1000) {
- ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
- } else {
- ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
- ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
- }
- continue;
- }
- if (ngx_quit) {
- ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
- ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
- ls = cycle->listening.elts;
- for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
- if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
- ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
- &ls[n].addr_text);
- }
- }
- cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
- continue;
- }
- if (ngx_reconfigure) {
- ngx_reconfigure = 0;
- if (ngx_new_binary) {
- ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
- NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
- ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
- ngx_noaccepting = 0;
- continue;
- }
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
- cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
- if (cycle == NULL) {
- cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
- continue;
- }
- ngx_cycle = cycle;
- ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
- ngx_core_module);
- ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
- NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
- ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
- live = 1;
- ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
- ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
- }
- if (ngx_restart) {
- ngx_restart = 0;
- ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
- NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
- ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
- live = 1;
- }
- if (ngx_reopen) {
- ngx_reopen = 0;
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
- ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
- ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
- ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
- }
- if (ngx_change_binary) {
- ngx_change_binary = 0;
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
- ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
- }
- if (ngx_noaccept) {
- ngx_noaccept = 0;
- ngx_noaccepting = 1;
- ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
- ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
- }
- }
下面,我们继续跟踪一下worker进程的执行动态,上面说到worker进程会执行ngx_worker_process_cycle函数,下面就看看这个函数的细节。
- ngx_process = NGX_PROCESS_WORKER;
- /**
- * 初始化worker进程。
- * 根据配置文件初始化worker进程,比如配置文件中的cpu亲缘性、priority、work directory等等,
- * 同时关闭对端的channel。还会调用所有模块的init_process回调函数。最后会调用
- * ngx_add_channel_event将channel添加到事件循环中。
- */
- ngx_worker_process_init(cycle, 1);
- /*
- * 设置worker 进程的title
- */
- ngx_setproctitle("worker process");
- /**
- * worker进程的事件循环。
- */
- for ( ;; ) {
- /**
- * 处理nginx退出
- */
- if (ngx_exiting) {
- c = cycle->connections;
- for (i = 0; i < cycle->connection_n; i++) {
- /* THREAD: lock */
- if (c[i].fd != -1 && c[i].idle) {
- c[i].close = 1;
- c[i].read->handler(c[i].read);
- }
- }
- if (ngx_event_timer_rbtree.root == ngx_event_timer_rbtree.sentinel)
- {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
- /**
- * worker进程退出,会调用所有模块的exit_process回调函数
- * 销毁cycle生命周期的内存池,最后调用exit(0)
- */
- ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
- }
- }
- ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "worker cycle");
- /**
- * 网络事件处理函数
- */
- ngx_process_events_and_timers(cycle);
- if (ngx_terminate) {
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "exiting");
- /**
- * 同上,退出worker进程
- */
- ngx_worker_process_exit(cycle);
- }
- if (ngx_quit) {
- ngx_quit = 0;
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0,
- "gracefully shutting down");
- ngx_setproctitle("worker process is shutting down");
- if (!ngx_exiting) {
- /**
- * 关闭所有的监听socket
- */
- ngx_close_listening_sockets(cycle);
- ngx_exiting = 1;
- }
- }
- if (ngx_reopen) {
- ngx_reopen = 0;
- ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
- ngx_reopen_files(cycle, -1);
- }
- }
本篇介绍了nginx进程模型,我们知道了master进程和worker进程的职责,以及master和worker进程的主循环。在worker进程的主循环中主要处理网络io事件,这里涉及到事件模型,下一篇我们就介绍nginx的事件模型。