前言
本文使用的字函数返回类型中的size_t是一个typedef名字,表示一种无符号整型。
测试数据在函数下方。
一、头文件
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>//<string.h>
using namespace std;
//maybe useful
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <conio.h>
二、函数实现
1.strlen(得出字符串长度)
代码如下:
size_t Strlen(const char *s){
const char *p=s;
while(*s++){
;
}
return s-p-1;
}
//or
int Strlen(const char *s){
int n = 0;
while(*s++){
n++;
}
return n;
}
int main(){
char s[]="1234";
cout<<Strlen(s)<<endl;
}
2.strcpy and strncpy
代码如下:
char *Strcpy(char *s1,const char *s2){
while(*s1!='\0'){
*s1++=*s2++;
}
return s1;
}
int main(){
char s1[]="1234";
char s2[]="abcd";
cout<<"Before copy: \ns1 = "<<s1<<"\ns2 = "<<s2<<endl;
Strcpy(s1,s2);
cout<<"After copy: \ns1 = "<<s1<<"\ns2 = "<<s2<<endl;
}
注:strcpy在strlen(s1)<strlen(s2)时只能复制到s1长度为止
strncpy是一种更安全的复制字符串的方法,用第三个参数限制所复制的字符数。
char *Strncpy(char *s1,const char *s2,int n){
while(n--){
*s1++=*s2++;
}
return s1;
}
int main(){
char s1[]="1234";
char s2[]="abcde";
cout<<"Before copy: \ns1 = "<<s1<<"\ns2 = "<<s2<<endl;
Strncpy(s1,s2,sizeof(s1)-1);
s1[sizeof(s1)-1]='\0';//确保s1总以空字符结束
cout<<"After copy: \ns1 = "<<s1<<"\ns2 = "<<s2<<endl;
}
3.strcat(拼接)
代码如下:
char *Strcat(char *s1,const char *s2){
char *p = s1;
while(*p)
p++;
while(*p++=*s2++){
;
}
return s1;
}
int main(){
const int n = 1024;
char s1[n]="1234";//n>=strlen(s1)+strlen(s2)
char s2[]="abcde";
cout<<"Before cat: \ns1 = "<<s1<<"\ns2 = "<<s2<<endl;
Strcat(s1,s2);
cout<<"After cat: \ns1 = "<<s1<<"\ns2 = "<<s2<<endl;
}
4.strcmp(比较)
代码如下:
int Strcmp(const char *s1,const char *s2){
while ((*s1) && (*s1 == *s2)){
//若改为(*s1++ == *s2++)会多执行一次自增行为
*s1++;
*s2++;
}
return (*s1>*s2)?1:((*s1<*s2)?-1:0);
}
int main(){
char s1[]="1234";
char s2[]="abcde";
cout<<Strcmp(s1,s2)<<endl;
}
注:在ASCII码中,65-90表示大写字母,97-122表示小写字母,
48-57表示数字,32代表空格符。
s1小于s2<==>
前i个字符一致,第i+1个字符小或者s1所有字符与s2一致,但s1比s2短
总结
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