Linux进程通信-共享内存

共享内存

博文

https://www.cnblogs.com/fangshenghui/p/4039720.html

编程步骤

步骤	进程1	进程2	使用函数
1	使用约定的文件创建key	使用约定的文件创建key	ftok
2	使用key创建共享内存	使用key获取到共享内存的id	shmget
3	挂载共享内存	挂载共享内存	shmat
4	使用内存	使用内存
5	卸载共享内存	卸载共享内存	shmdt
6	释放共享内存		shmctl

使用实例

进程1：读

    int running = 1;              //程序是否继续运行的标志
    void *shm = NULL;             //分配的共享内存的原始首地址
    struct shared_use_st *shared; //指向shm
    int shmid;                    //共享内存标识符
    
    //创建共享内存
    shmid = shmget((key_t)MEM_KEY, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if (shmid == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //将共享内存连接到当前进程的地址空间
    shm = shmat(shmid, 0, 0);
    if (shm == (void *)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("\nMemory attached at %X\n", (int)shm);
    //设置共享内存
    shared = (struct shared_use_st *)shm;
    shared->written = 0;
    while (running) //读取共享内存中的数据
    {
        //没有进程向共享内存定数据有数据可读取
        if (shared->written != 0)
        {
            printf("You wrote: %s", shared->text);
            sleep(rand() % 3);
            //读取完数据，设置written使共享内存段可写
            shared->written = 0;
            //输入了end，退出循环（程序）
            if (strncmp(shared->text, "end", 3) == 0)
                running = 0;
        }
        else //有其他进程在写数据，不能读取数据
            sleep(1);
    }
    //把共享内存从当前进程中分离
    if (shmdt(shm) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //删除共享内存
    if (shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmctl(IPC_RMID) failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

进程2：写

int running = 1;
    void *shm = NULL;
    struct shared_use_st *shared = NULL;
    char buffer[BUFSIZ + 1]; //用于保存输入的文本
    int shmid;
    //创建共享内存
    shmid = shmget((key_t)MEM_KEY, sizeof(struct shared_use_st), 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
    if (shmid == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmget failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    //将共享内存连接到当前进程的地址空间
    shm = shmat(shmid, (void *)0, 0);
    if (shm == (void *)-1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmat failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    printf("Memory attached at %X\n", (int)shm);
    //设置共享内存
    shared = (struct shared_use_st *)shm;
    while (running) //向共享内存中写数据
    {
        //数据还没有被读取，则等待数据被读取,不能向共享内存中写入文本
        while (shared->written == 1)
        {
            sleep(1);
            printf("Waiting...\n");
        }
        //向共享内存中写入数据
        printf("Enter some text: ");
        fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin);
        strncpy(shared->text, buffer, TEXT_SZ);
        //写完数据，设置written使共享内存段可读
        shared->written = 1;
        //输入了end，退出循环（程序）
        if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0)
            running = 0;
    }
    //把共享内存从当前进程中分离
    if (shmdt(shm) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "shmdt failed\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    sleep(2);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);