python使用matplotlib库绘制饼图

使用python的matplotlib库绘制饼图，包括普通饼图、堆叠饼图、嵌套饼图，并一一封装成了方法，直接调用使用。

先安装matplotlib库，pip install matplotlib

代码如下：

from typing import Sequence

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib
import numpy as np

matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')


def pieChart(ax: plt.Axes, xs: Sequence, ys: Sequence):
    """绘制普通饼图"""
    explode = [0] * (len(ys) - 1) + [0.2]
    # 给了labels参数，就会直接显示再图形上，使用labeldistance控制位置
    # 如果legend()，就不显示再图形上，显示再legend上
    ax.pie(ys, autopct=lambda p: f'{p:.1f}%', labels=xs,
           startangle=90,  # 旋转角度
           shadow=True,  # 显示阴影
           explode=explode,  # 突出
           )
    ax.axis('equal')  # 调整图形为标准圆形
    ax.set_title('pie chart')


def stackPieChart(ax: plt.Axes, xs: Sequence, yss: Sequence[Sequence]):
    """绘制堆叠饼图"""
    width = 0.3
    radius = 0.7 + width * len(yss)
    for index, i in enumerate(yss):
        ax.pie(i, radius=radius,  # 设置饼图的半径
               autopct='%1.1f%%',  # 设置百分比注释
               pctdistance=1 - width / radius / 2,  # 设置注释的位置
               )
        radius -= width
    ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((0, 0), 0.70, fc='white'))  # 设置饼图的中心为空缺
    ax.axis('equal')
    # ax.legend(xs, title='legend')
    ax.set_title('stack pie chart')


def nestedPie(ax: plt.Axes, xs: Sequence, yss: Sequence[Sequence]):
    """绘制嵌套饼图"""
    width = 0.4
    radius = 1.2
    yss = np.array(yss)
    cmap = plt.colormaps["Wistia"]
    # 这样生成的outer和inner颜色大致相对应
    innerColors = cmap(np.linspace(0, 1, len(yss.flatten())))
    outerColors = cmap(np.linspace(0, 1, len(yss)))
    ax.pie(yss.flatten(), radius=radius, colors=innerColors,
           labels=yss.flatten(), labeldistance=radius - width,  # 在此配置labels
           wedgeprops=dict(width=width, edgecolor='w'), )
    ax.pie(yss.sum(axis=1), radius=radius + width, colors=outerColors, labels=xs,
           wedgeprops=dict(width=width, edgecolor='w'))
    ax.add_artist(plt.Circle((0, 0), radius - width, fc='white'))
    ax.set_title('nested pie chart')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)
    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.5, hspace=0.5)  # 调整子图间距
    axs = axs.flatten()  # 将多维数组排列为一维

    x = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
    y1 = [30, 23, 56, 27, 10]
    y2 = [[23, 56, 27, 10, 30],
          [30, 23, 56, 27, 10],
          [27, 34, 17, 40, 10]]

    pieChart(axs[0], x, y1)
    stackPieChart(axs[1], x, y2)
    nestedPie(axs[2], x[:3], y2)

    plt.show()

效果图下：