【164】VS2022下VC++调用CreateFile文件名不能接受char*，包括强制转换成LPCWSTR的char*也会出错

错误代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Windows.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	char* str = argv[1];

	char cFilename[256] = { 0 };
	HANDLE hFile;
	DWORD dwReturn;
	
	sprintf_s(cFilename, "D:\\ws\\tmpdir\\%s.txt", str);
	cout << cFilename << endl;

	hFile = CreateFile((LPCWSTR)cFilename, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

	cout << "hFile=" << hFile << endl;
	cout << "INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE=" << INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE << endl;
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "hFile INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE" << endl;
		return 1;
	}
	hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	return 0;
}

上面这段代码在VS2022中，编码格式为GB2312，使用VC++编译，不会报错，但是执行代码不会创建文件。要想明白原因需要看一下 CreateFile 的定义：

WINBASEAPI
HANDLE
WINAPI
CreateFileA(
    _In_ LPCSTR lpFileName,
    _In_ DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
    _In_ DWORD dwShareMode,
    _In_opt_ LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
    _In_ DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
    _In_ DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE hTemplateFile
    );

WINBASEAPI
HANDLE
WINAPI
CreateFileW(
    _In_ LPCWSTR lpFileName,
    _In_ DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
    _In_ DWORD dwShareMode,
    _In_opt_ LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
    _In_ DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
    _In_ DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE hTemplateFile
    );

#ifdef UNICODE
#define CreateFile  CreateFileW
#else
#define CreateFile  CreateFileA
#endif // !UNICODE

由于编译和运行环境的不同，这里会走 #define CreateFile CreateFileW 分支，也就是说第一个参数必须是LPCWSTR。上面的错误例子中，就算把 char* 强制转换成 LPCWSTR，也只是编译器不报错，但是实际运行程序的时候还是无法创建文件。

正确的写法

把 CreateFile 函数替换成 CreateFileA 函数，即可正常创建文件。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "Windows.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
	char* str = argv[1];

	char cFilename[256] = { 0 };
	HANDLE hFile;
	
	sprintf_s(cFilename, "D:\\ws\\tmpdir\\%s.txt", str);
	cout << cFilename << endl;

	hFile = CreateFileA(cFilename, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

	cout << "hFile=" << hFile << endl;
	cout << "INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE=" << INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE << endl;
	if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		cout << "hFile INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE" << endl;
		return 1;
	}
	hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	return 0;
}