MyBatis的关系映射——一对一

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 22:41:29 发布

zhangdy12307

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 22:41:29 发布

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分类专栏： Spring Mybatis 文章标签： Spring 后端

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MyBatis的关系映射——一对一

一对一的关系

定义：在本类中定义对方类型的对象，如A类中定义B类类型的属性b，B类中定义A类类型的属性a

创建相关数据库

use mybatis;
create table tb_idcard(
        id int primary key auto_increment,
        code varchar(20)
);
insert into tb_idcard(code) values('152221198711020624');
insert into tb_idcard(code) values('152221198711020628');
create table tb_person(
        id int primary key auto_increment,
        name varchar(32),
        age int,
        sex varchar(8),
        card_id int unique,
        foreign key(card_id) references tb_idcard(id)
);
insert into tb_person(name,age,sex,card_id) values('Rose',29.'feman',1);
insert into tb_person(name,age,sex,card_id) values('tom',27.'man',2);

创建com.po包，编写类IdCard,Person类

IdCard类如下

package com.po;

public class IdCard {
    private Integer id;
    private String code;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "IdCard{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", code='" + code + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Person类如下

package com.po;

public class Person {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String sex;
    private IdCard card;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public IdCard getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(IdCard card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", card=" + card +
                '}';
    }
}

在com.mapper包中创建映射文件IdCardMapper.xml和个人信息类PersonMapper.xml，并在两个映射文件中配置一对一映射查询信息

IdCardMapper.xml如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
    "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mapper.IdCardMapper">
  <!-- 根据id查询证件信息 -->
  <select id="findCodeById" parameterType="Integer" resultType="IdCard">
	  SELECT * from tb_idcard where id=#{id}
  </select>
</mapper>

PersonMapper.xml如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
    "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mapper.PersonMapper">
	<!-- 嵌套查询：通过执行另外一条SQL映射语句来返回预期的特殊类型 -->
	<select id="findPersonById" parameterType="Integer" 
                                      resultMap="IdCardWithPersonResult">
		SELECT * from tb_person where id=#{id}
	</select>
	<resultMap type="Person" id="IdCardWithPersonResult">
		<id property="id" column="id" />
		<result property="name" column="name" />
		<result property="age" column="age" />
		<result property="sex" column="sex" />
		<!-- 一对一：association使用select属性引入另外一条SQL语句 -->
		<association property="card" column="card_id" javaType="IdCard"
			select="com.mapper.IdCardMapper.findCodeById" />
	</resultMap>
</mapper>

配置mybatis-config.xml文件，映入Mapper映射文件并定义别名

db.properties文件如下

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

这样写的好处是可以直接在该文件下修改数据库用户密码等信息，不需要在mybatis-config,xml修改

使用log4j输出日志信息

# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout
# MyBatis logging configuration...
log4j.logger.com=DEBUG
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n

完整的mybatis-config.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!-- 引入数据库连接配置文件 -->
    <properties resource="db.properties" />
    <!--使用扫描包的形式定义别名 -->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.po" />
    </typeAliases>
    <!--配置环境 ，默认的环境id为mysql -->
    <environments default="mysql">
        <!-- 配置id为mysql的数据库环境 -->
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!-- 使用JDBC的事务管理 -->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC" />
            <!--数据库连接池 -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <!--配置Mapper的位置 -->
    <mappers>
        <mapper resource="com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml" />
        <mapper resource="com/mapper/PersonMapper.xml" />
    </mappers>
</configuration>

创建com.utils包，编写工具类

package com.utils;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

public class MybatisUtils {	
    public static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
    // 初始化SqlSessionFactory对象
    static{
        try {
            //使用MyBatis提供的Resources类加载mybatis的配置文件
            Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("mybatis-config.xml");
            //构建sqlSession的工厂
            sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // 获取SqlSession对象的静态方法
    public static SqlSession getSession(){
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }
}

创建com.test包并创建测试类

package com.test;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.po.Person;
import com.utils.MybatisUtils;
public class MybatisAssociatedTest {
    @Test
    public void findPersonByIdTest() {
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
        Person person = session.selectOne("com.mapper."
                                   + "PersonMapper.findPersonById", 1);
        System.out.println(person);
        session.close();
    }
}

使用junit执行findPersonByIdTest()方法后效果如下
在这里插入图片描述该方法使用嵌套查询的方式比较简单，但该方法要执行多条SQL语句，对大型数据集合不友好，所以应当使用MyBatis提供的嵌套结果进行关联查询

继续在PersonMapper.xml如下所示代码

<select id="findPersonById2" parameterType="Integer" resultMap="IdCardWithPersonResult2">
		select p.*,idcard.code
		from tb_person p,tb_idcard idcard
		where p.card_id=idcard.id
		and p.id=#{id}
	</select>
	<resultMap type="Person" id="IdCardWithPersonResult2">
		<id property="id" column="id" />
		<result property="name" column="name" />
		<result property="age" column="age" />
		<result property="sex" column="sex" />
		<association property="card" javaType="IdCard">
			<id property="id" column="card_id" />
			<result property="code" column="code" />
		</association>
	</resultMap>

在测试类中编写findPersonByIdTest2()方法，代码如下

@Test
    public void findPersonByIdTest2(){
        SqlSession session=MybatisUtils.getSession();
        Person person = session.selectOne("com.mapper."
                + "PersonMapper.findPersonById2", 1);
        System.out.println(person);
        session.close();
    }

结果如下：
在这里插入图片描述

遇见问题

在这次学习过程中遇见的问题如下

1、未使用扫描包的形式定义别名

错误展示入下

org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException: 
### Error building SqlSession.
### The error may exist in com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing Mapper XML. The XML location is 'com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml'. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'.  Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
	at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:52)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:36)
	at com.utils.MybatisUtils.<clinit>(MybatisUtils.java:16)
	at com.test.MybatisAssociatedTest.findPersonByIdTest2(MybatisAssociatedTest.java:18)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing Mapper XML. The XML location is 'com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml'. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'.  Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XMLConfigBuilder.java:121)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parse(XMLConfigBuilder.java:98)
	at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:50)
	... 25 more
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing Mapper XML. The XML location is 'com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml'. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'.  Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.configurationElement(XMLMapperBuilder.java:122)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.parse(XMLMapperBuilder.java:94)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.mapperElement(XMLConfigBuilder.java:373)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XMLConfigBuilder.java:119)
	... 27 more
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'.  Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder.resolveClass(BaseBuilder.java:118)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLStatementBuilder.parseStatementNode(XMLStatementBuilder.java:74)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.buildStatementFromContext(XMLMapperBuilder.java:137)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.buildStatementFromContext(XMLMapperBuilder.java:130)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.configurationElement(XMLMapperBuilder.java:120)
	... 30 more
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'.  Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
	at org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(TypeAliasRegistry.java:120)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder.resolveAlias(BaseBuilder.java:149)
	at org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder.resolveClass(BaseBuilder.java:116)
	... 34 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
	at org.apache.ibatis.io.ClassLoaderWrapper.classForName(ClassLoaderWrapper.java:200)
	at org.apache.ibatis.io.ClassLoaderWrapper.classForName(ClassLoaderWrapper.java:89)
	at org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources.classForName(Resources.java:261)
	at org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(TypeAliasRegistry.java:116)
	... 36 more

有点长最关键的地方就是： ** Cannot find class:IdCard**
解决方案：
在mybatis-config.xml配置文件中添加如下代码

<typeAliases>
        <package name="com.po" /> //com.po为自定义类的包名
    </typeAliases>

写在最后

对于MyBatis配置方面还是不太熟悉，还得继续学习关于MyBatis配置方面的内容

zhangdy12307

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MyBatis的关系映射——一对一

MyBatis的关系映射——一对一一对一的关系定义：在本类中定义对方类型的对象，如A类中定义B类类型的属性b，B类中定义A类类型的属性a创建相关数据库use mybatis;create table tb_idcard( id int primary key auto_increment, code varchar(20));insert into t...
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