MyBatis的关系映射——一对一
一对一的关系
定义:在本类中定义对方类型的对象,如A类中定义B类类型的属性b,B类中定义A类类型的属性a
创建相关数据库
use mybatis;
create table tb_idcard(
id int primary key auto_increment,
code varchar(20)
);
insert into tb_idcard(code) values('152221198711020624');
insert into tb_idcard(code) values('152221198711020628');
create table tb_person(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(32),
age int,
sex varchar(8),
card_id int unique,
foreign key(card_id) references tb_idcard(id)
);
insert into tb_person(name,age,sex,card_id) values('Rose',29.'feman',1);
insert into tb_person(name,age,sex,card_id) values('tom',27.'man',2);
创建com.po包,编写类IdCard,Person类
IdCard类如下
package com.po;
public class IdCard {
private Integer id;
private String code;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "IdCard{" +
"id=" + id +
", code='" + code + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
Person类如下
package com.po;
public class Person {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
private IdCard card;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public IdCard getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(IdCard card) {
this.card = card;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
", card=" + card +
'}';
}
}
在com.mapper包中创建映射文件IdCardMapper.xml和个人信息类PersonMapper.xml,并在两个映射文件中配置一对一映射查询信息
IdCardMapper.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mapper.IdCardMapper">
<!-- 根据id查询证件信息 -->
<select id="findCodeById" parameterType="Integer" resultType="IdCard">
SELECT * from tb_idcard where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
PersonMapper.xml如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mapper.PersonMapper">
<!-- 嵌套查询:通过执行另外一条SQL映射语句来返回预期的特殊类型 -->
<select id="findPersonById" parameterType="Integer"
resultMap="IdCardWithPersonResult">
SELECT * from tb_person where id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="Person" id="IdCardWithPersonResult">
<id property="id" column="id" />
<result property="name" column="name" />
<result property="age" column="age" />
<result property="sex" column="sex" />
<!-- 一对一:association使用select属性引入另外一条SQL语句 -->
<association property="card" column="card_id" javaType="IdCard"
select="com.mapper.IdCardMapper.findCodeById" />
</resultMap>
</mapper>
配置mybatis-config.xml文件,映入Mapper映射文件并定义别名
db.properties文件如下
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root
这样写的好处是可以直接在该文件下修改数据库用户密码等信息,不需要在mybatis-config,xml修改
使用log4j输出日志信息
# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=ERROR, stdout
# MyBatis logging configuration...
log4j.logger.com=DEBUG
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
完整的mybatis-config.xml文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 引入数据库连接配置文件 -->
<properties resource="db.properties" />
<!--使用扫描包的形式定义别名 -->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.po" />
</typeAliases>
<!--配置环境 ,默认的环境id为mysql -->
<environments default="mysql">
<!-- 配置id为mysql的数据库环境 -->
<environment id="mysql">
<!-- 使用JDBC的事务管理 -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<!--数据库连接池 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--配置Mapper的位置 -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml" />
<mapper resource="com/mapper/PersonMapper.xml" />
</mappers>
</configuration>
创建com.utils包,编写工具类
package com.utils;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
public class MybatisUtils {
public static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null;
// 初始化SqlSessionFactory对象
static{
try {
//使用MyBatis提供的Resources类加载mybatis的配置文件
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("mybatis-config.xml");
//构建sqlSession的工厂
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 获取SqlSession对象的静态方法
public static SqlSession getSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
创建com.test包并创建测试类
package com.test;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.po.Person;
import com.utils.MybatisUtils;
public class MybatisAssociatedTest {
@Test
public void findPersonByIdTest() {
SqlSession session = MybatisUtils.getSession();
Person person = session.selectOne("com.mapper."
+ "PersonMapper.findPersonById", 1);
System.out.println(person);
session.close();
}
}
使用junit执行findPersonByIdTest()方法后效果如下
该方法使用嵌套查询的方式比较简单,但该方法要执行多条SQL语句,对大型数据集合不友好,所以应当使用MyBatis提供的嵌套结果进行关联查询
继续在PersonMapper.xml如下所示代码
<select id="findPersonById2" parameterType="Integer" resultMap="IdCardWithPersonResult2">
select p.*,idcard.code
from tb_person p,tb_idcard idcard
where p.card_id=idcard.id
and p.id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="Person" id="IdCardWithPersonResult2">
<id property="id" column="id" />
<result property="name" column="name" />
<result property="age" column="age" />
<result property="sex" column="sex" />
<association property="card" javaType="IdCard">
<id property="id" column="card_id" />
<result property="code" column="code" />
</association>
</resultMap>
在测试类中编写findPersonByIdTest2()方法,代码如下
@Test
public void findPersonByIdTest2(){
SqlSession session=MybatisUtils.getSession();
Person person = session.selectOne("com.mapper."
+ "PersonMapper.findPersonById2", 1);
System.out.println(person);
session.close();
}
结果如下:
遇见问题
在这次学习过程中遇见的问题如下
1、未使用扫描包的形式定义别名
错误展示入下
org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.PersistenceException:
### Error building SqlSession.
### The error may exist in com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml
### Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing Mapper XML. The XML location is 'com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml'. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'. Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
at org.apache.ibatis.exceptions.ExceptionFactory.wrapException(ExceptionFactory.java:30)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:52)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:36)
at com.utils.MybatisUtils.<clinit>(MybatisUtils.java:16)
at com.test.MybatisAssociatedTest.findPersonByIdTest2(MybatisAssociatedTest.java:18)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing SQL Mapper Configuration. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing Mapper XML. The XML location is 'com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml'. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'. Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XMLConfigBuilder.java:121)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parse(XMLConfigBuilder.java:98)
at org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(SqlSessionFactoryBuilder.java:50)
... 25 more
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error parsing Mapper XML. The XML location is 'com/mapper/IdCardMapper.xml'. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'. Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.configurationElement(XMLMapperBuilder.java:122)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.parse(XMLMapperBuilder.java:94)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.mapperElement(XMLConfigBuilder.java:373)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLConfigBuilder.parseConfiguration(XMLConfigBuilder.java:119)
... 27 more
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.builder.BuilderException: Error resolving class. Cause: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'. Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder.resolveClass(BaseBuilder.java:118)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLStatementBuilder.parseStatementNode(XMLStatementBuilder.java:74)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.buildStatementFromContext(XMLMapperBuilder.java:137)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.buildStatementFromContext(XMLMapperBuilder.java:130)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.xml.XMLMapperBuilder.configurationElement(XMLMapperBuilder.java:120)
... 30 more
Caused by: org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeException: Could not resolve type alias 'IdCard'. Cause: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
at org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(TypeAliasRegistry.java:120)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder.resolveAlias(BaseBuilder.java:149)
at org.apache.ibatis.builder.BaseBuilder.resolveClass(BaseBuilder.java:116)
... 34 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Cannot find class: IdCard
at org.apache.ibatis.io.ClassLoaderWrapper.classForName(ClassLoaderWrapper.java:200)
at org.apache.ibatis.io.ClassLoaderWrapper.classForName(ClassLoaderWrapper.java:89)
at org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources.classForName(Resources.java:261)
at org.apache.ibatis.type.TypeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(TypeAliasRegistry.java:116)
... 36 more
有点长最关键的地方就是: ** Cannot find class:IdCard**
解决方案:
在mybatis-config.xml配置文件中添加如下代码
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.po" /> //com.po为自定义类的包名
</typeAliases>
写在最后
对于MyBatis配置方面还是不太熟悉,还得继续学习关于MyBatis配置方面的内容