【面试】五分钟掌握线程的六种状态

陈脩

已于 2022-06-23 12:16:42 修改

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分类专栏： Java面试题文章标签： java 服务器 servlet

于 2022-06-20 18:14:07 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhangwei_david/article/details/125377832

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线程的六种状态

很多文章在介绍线程的状态时候都有一个错误的说法-存在RUNNING状态，实际上在线程的状态中是没有RUNNING的，他的状态如下图所示：

如何证明是这集中状态呢？我们可以直接看源码

public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

NEW

线程创建后的未调用start方法前的状态是NEW

RUNNABLE

当线程调用start()方法，线程的状态就是RUNNABLE，表示线程已经准备就绪可以被执行了，如果CPU给该现场分配时间片，那么现场就被执行；RUNNABLE表示准备就绪，不是被执行。

BLOCKED

当线程需要进入临界区，但是前面有一个线程临界区代码正在被执行，此时现场就进入blocked状态，表示现场阻塞。

WAITING

当线程在临界区内调用wait()方法，注意wait()方法必须在临界区内执行；或者调用jion方法，线程就进入等待状态，表示现场等待其他线程执行一个特殊操作，唤醒该线程

TIME_WAITING

当线程调用一下方法是线程就进入超时等待状态，如果达到超时条件其他现场还没有唤起当前线程时，当前现场则会被计时器唤起。

Thread.sleep
Object.wait with timeout
Thread.join with timeout
LockSupport.parkNanos
LockSupport.parkUntil

TERMINATED

终结状态，线程正常或异常结束

sleep与yield区别

	sleep	yield
线程状态	TIME_WAITING	RUNNABLE
监视器锁	不释放	不释放
暂停时间	有参数执行	不可以指定
CPU资源	执行完sleep后和其他线程一起竞争CPU资源	CPU资源让渡给相同优先级线程，如果没有则由当前线程再次执行

测试代码

public class ThreadDemo {
    private static final Object monitor = new Object();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
            try {

                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                synchronized (monitor) {
                    //进入阻塞状态
                    monitor.wait(4000);
                    //被唤醒后线程状态是RUNABLE
                    printThreadStates("线程被唤醒后", Thread.currentThread());
                    monitor.wait();
                    try {
                        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }, "A");
        //新创建一个线程时，它的状态就是NEW
        printThreadStates("新创建线程", threadA);
        //启动线程以后线程就是RUNNABLE，可以运行不代表已经正在运行；只是表示这个线程可以被CPU调度
        threadA.start();
        printThreadStates("启动线程", threadA);
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        printThreadStates("线程超时等待", threadA);
        synchronized (monitor) {
            monitor.notifyAll();
        }
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        printThreadStates("线程等待中", threadA);
        synchronized (monitor) {
            monitor.notifyAll();
        }
        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
            synchronized (monitor) {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "B");
        threadB.start();
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        printThreadStates("获取锁中", threadB);

        Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                threadB.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }, "C");
        threadC.start();
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        printThreadStates("join", threadC);

        Thread threadD = new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }, "D");
        threadD.start();
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        printThreadStates("sleep", threadD);


        printThreadStates("线程等待中", threadA);
    }

    private static void printThreadStates(String prefix, Thread thread) {
        System.out.println(prefix + " , " + thread.getName() + " : " + thread.getState());

    }
}

执行结果

新创建线程 , A : NEW
启动线程 , A : RUNNABLE
线程超时等待 , A : TIMED_WAITING
线程被唤醒后 , A : RUNNABLE
线程等待中 , A : WAITING
获取锁中 , B : BLOCKED
join , C : WAITING
sleep , D : TIMED_WAITING
线程等待中 , A : TERMINATED