Principal Components Analysis: PCA 主成分分析

PCA(主成分分析)是一种用于去除噪声和减少数据冗余的技术。它通过找到数据最大方差的方向并构建新的正交基来实现这一目标。PCA通过求解协方差矩阵的特征值和特征向量,选择具有最大方差的特征向量作为主成分,从而重新表达数据,揭示隐藏的动态结构。
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math basics

  • orthornormal basis
  • identity matrix (a special othornormal basis)

  • variance (square of standard deviation) and its goal

       1. noise: noise should contains low or no information needed to be extracted, it can be quantified by SNR.

        2. redundancy: it indicates the correlation between two datasets (or parameters, or vectors), for example, if two datasets are fully correlated, we can simply remove one dataset and use the left one for analysis.

  • covariance

for the two matrix A and B (already converted into row vectors), the covariance of them can be described as:

(n-1) is the normalization factor.

in general, for a m*n sized matrix X, the covariance is:

The diagonal terms of S_x are the variance of particular measurement types. --&g

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