NVIDA CUDA

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 10:20:55 发布

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Ubuntu服务器上的NVIDA CUDA

2017年11月3日

ubuntu server nvidia

在上一篇有关在Ubuntu上进行以太坊挖矿的文章中，我最后指出要获得NVIDIA的CUDA驱动程序需要花费什么。在某些应用程序中使用CUDA驱动程序可以进一步释放我的NVIDIA GTX 1070显卡的性能，特别是在进行以太坊挖矿时可以证明其改进。

这篇文章将演示CUDA驱动程序的两种安装方法：

Ubuntu软件包存档
NVIDIA套件档案

Ubuntu软件包存档

从存档安装非常简单快捷。所需要做的就是安装nvidia-cuda-toolkit软件包，它还将获取所有必需的CUDA库和工具：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
sudo shutdown -r now

重新启动后，要验证是否已安装CUDA驱动程序，可以通过以下三种方法来检查一切是否正常运行：

检查/ dev中是否存在nvidia *设备文件
使用nvcc命令显示已安装的驱动程序版本
运行nvidia-smi以获取有关设备的详细版本，例如电源和风扇信息，使用GPU的进程以及驱动程序版本。

这三个示例的输出如下：

$ ls /dev/nvidia*
/dev/nvidia0  /dev/nvidiactl /dev/nvidia-uvm
$ nvcc -V
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2015 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Tue_Aug_11_14:27:32_CDT_2015
Cuda compilation tools, release 7.5, V7.5.17
$ nvidia-smi
Sat Oct 28 14:17:15 2017
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 384.90                 Driver Version: 384.90                    |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1070    Off  | 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
|  0%   49C    P8    11W / 185W |     99MiB /  8110MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      1170      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                            97MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

NVIDIA封装档案

本节将寻求直接从NVIDIA本身下载库，以获取软件包的最新版本。NVIDIA repo还包含各种元数据包，使最终用户可以将安装限制为所需的库，运行时或工具包，而不是安装所有内容。

NVIDIA运行一个存储库，可以将其添加到apt，然后直接从中安装。使用此存储库意味着安装将保持最新。我将使用CUDA元软件包，该软件包将安装所有CUDA工具包和驱动程序软件包，并在发布新版本时进行升级：

echo "deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/ /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list
sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
sudo apt update
sudo apt install cuda
sudo shutdown -r now

最后一步是需要修改路径以指向二进制文件：

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}

测试CUDA

/ dev，nvcc和nvidia-smi的输出类似于下面的存档中的安装：

$ ls /dev/nvidia*
/dev/nvidia0  /dev/nvidiactl  /dev/nvidia-modeset  /dev/nvidia-uvm  /dev/nvidia-uvm-tools
$ nvcc -V
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2017 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Fri_Sep__1_21:08:03_CDT_2017
Cuda compilation tools, release 9.0, V9.0.176
$ nvidia-smi
Sat Oct 28 15:57:59 2017
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 384.90                 Driver Version: 384.90                    |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1070    Off  | 00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
|  0%   41C    P8    10W / 185W |    121MiB /  8110MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      1181      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           119MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

此外，该软件包还附带了一些有趣的脚本，可在参考资料中找到/usr/local/cuda/extras/demo_suite。

设备查询

$ /usr/local/cuda/extras/demo_suite/deviceQuery
./deviceQuery Starting...

 CUDA Device Query (Runtime API) version (CUDART static linking)

Detected 1 CUDA Capable device(s)

Device 0: "GeForce GTX 1070"
  CUDA Driver Version / Runtime Version          9.0 / 9.0
  CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    6.1
  Total amount of global memory:                 8111 MBytes (8504868864 bytes)
  (15) Multiprocessors, (128) CUDA Cores/MP:     1920 CUDA Cores
  GPU Max Clock rate:                            1797 MHz (1.80 GHz)
  Memory Clock rate:                             4004 Mhz
  Memory Bus Width:                              256-bit
  L2 Cache Size:                                 2097152 bytes
  Maximum Texture Dimension Size (x,y,z)         1D=(131072), 2D=(131072, 65536), 3D=(16384, 16384, 16384)
  Maximum Layered 1D Texture Size, (num) layers  1D=(32768), 2048 layers
  Maximum Layered 2D Texture Size, (num) layers  2D=(32768, 32768), 2048 layers
  Total amount of constant memory:               65536 bytes
  Total amount of shared memory per block:       49152 bytes
  Total number of registers available per block: 65536
  Warp size:                                     32
  Maximum number of threads per multiprocessor:  2048
  Maximum number of threads per block:           1024
  Max dimension size of a thread block (x,y,z): (1024, 1024, 64)
  Max dimension size of a grid size    (x,y,z): (2147483647, 65535, 65535)
  Maximum memory pitch:                          2147483647 bytes
  Texture alignment:                             512 bytes
  Concurrent copy and kernel execution:          Yes with 2 copy engine(s)
  Run time limit on kernels:                     Yes
  Integrated GPU sharing Host Memory:            No
  Support host page-locked memory mapping:       Yes
  Alignment requirement for Surfaces:            Yes
  Device has ECC support:                        Disabled
  Device supports Unified Addressing (UVA):      Yes
  Supports Cooperative Kernel Launch:            Yes
  Supports MultiDevice Co-op Kernel Launch:      Yes
  Device PCI Domain ID / Bus ID / location ID:   0 / 1 / 0
  Compute Mode:
     < Default (multiple host threads can use ::cudaSetDevice() with device simultaneously) >

deviceQuery, CUDA Driver = CUDART, CUDA Driver Version = 9.0, CUDA Runtime Version = 9.0, NumDevs = 1
Result = PASS

带宽测试

$ /usr/local/cuda/extras/demo_suite/bandwidthTest
[CUDA Bandwidth Test] - Starting...
Running on...

 Device 0: GeForce GTX 1070
 Quick Mode

 Host to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(MB/s)
   33554432         12665.1

 Device to Host Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(MB/s)
   33554432         12916.1

 Device to Device Bandwidth, 1 Device(s)
 PINNED Memory Transfers
   Transfer Size (Bytes)    Bandwidth(MB/s)
   33554432         190526.5

Result = PASS

NOTE: The CUDA Samples are not meant for performance measurements. Results may vary when GPU Boost is enabled.

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NVIDA CUDA

Ubuntu服务器上的NVIDA CUDA2017年11月3日ubuntuservernvidia在上一篇有关在Ubuntu上进行以太坊挖矿的文章中，我最后指出要获得NVIDIA的CUDA驱动程序需要花费什么。在某些应用程序中使用CUDA驱动程序可以进一步释放我的NVIDIA GTX 1070显卡的性能，特别是在进行以太坊挖矿时可以证明其改进。这篇文章将演示CUDA驱动程序的两...
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