设计模式-责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）

 责任链，扫码是链：就是一串接着一串，像自行车链一样。然而在生活中非常的常见，譬如在工厂流水线生产，上一个工序完成，然后才到下一个工序。你去政府企业或者找公司领导签字也都是责任链模模式。以及我开发那种步骤性质的开发，也都是责任链模式的最好适用场景。

设计图

上代码：

执行者

public interface ApprovalResponsibilityChain {
	
	/**
	 * 下一个生审批者
	 */
	String nextApproval();
}

public abstract class ResponsibilityChain implements ApprovalResponsibilityChain {
	
	   protected int leaveDays;
	   protected ApprovalResponsibilityChain next;
	   
	   public ResponsibilityChain(int leaveDays) {
		    this.leaveDays = leaveDays;
	   }
	   
	   abstract public void setNextHandler(ApprovalResponsibilityChain next);
}

public class GroupLeaderApproval extends ResponsibilityChain {

	public GroupLeaderApproval(int leaveDays) {
		super(leaveDays);
	}

	@Override
	public String nextApproval() {
		if(leaveDays < 3) {
			 return "组长有权审批通过";
		}
		System.out.print("经过组长审批 ==> ");
		return this.next.nextApproval();
	}

	@Override
	public void setNextHandler(ApprovalResponsibilityChain next) {
		this.next = next;
	}
}

public class DepartmentManagerApproval extends ResponsibilityChain {

	public DepartmentManagerApproval(int leaveDays) {
		super(leaveDays);
		
	}

	@Override
	public String nextApproval() {
		if(leaveDays <= 5) {
			return "部门经理有权限审批通过";
		}
		System.out.print("经过部门经理审批 ==> ");
		return next.nextApproval();
	}

	@Override
	public void setNextHandler(ApprovalResponsibilityChain next) {
		this.next = next;
		
	}
}

public class GeneralManagerApproval extends ResponsibilityChain {

	public GeneralManagerApproval(int leaveDays) {
		super(leaveDays);
	}

	@Override
	public String nextApproval() {
		if(leaveDays <= 10) {
			return "总经理有权审批通过";
		}
		System.out.print("经过总经理审批 ==> ");
		return next.nextApproval();
	}

	@Override
	public void setNextHandler(ApprovalResponsibilityChain next) {
		this.next = next;
	}

}

public class BossApproval extends ResponsibilityChain {

	public BossApproval(int leaveDays) {
		super(leaveDays);
	}

	@Override
	public String nextApproval() {
		System.out.println("经过老板审批 ");
		if(leaveDays > 10) {
			return "老板审批，此事需要特批，审核通过！";
		}
		return "搞什么，少于10天都要我审批";
	}

	@Override
	public void setNextHandler(ApprovalResponsibilityChain next) {
		 this.next = next;
	}

}

测试：

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//员工请假
		int leaveDays = 16;//请假天数
		
		ResponsibilityChain group = new GroupLeaderApproval(leaveDays); 
		
		ResponsibilityChain departmentManager = new DepartmentManagerApproval(leaveDays);
		group.setNextHandler(departmentManager);//指定下一位审批者 部门经理
		
		ResponsibilityChain generalManager = new GeneralManagerApproval(leaveDays);
		departmentManager.setNextHandler(generalManager);//指定下一位审批者，总经理
		
		ResponsibilityChain boss = new BossApproval(leaveDays);
		generalManager.setNextHandler(boss); //指定下一位审批者，老板
		
	    System.out.println(group.nextApproval());
		
	}

运行结果：

经过组长审批 ==> 经过部门经理审批 ==> 经过总经理审批 ==> 经过老板审批 
老板审批，此事需要特批，审核通过！

责任链模式优点：

降低了代码的耦合，责任分工明确，程序更加灵活，可动态改变顺序。