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Java变量

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Java 变量

变量是存储数据值的容器。

在 Java 中，有不同类型的变量，例如：

• String- 存储文本，例如“Hello”。字符串值用双引号括起来
• int- 存储整数（整数），不带小数，例如 123 或 -123
• float- 存储带有小数的浮点数，例如 19.99 或 -19.99
• char- 存储单个字符，例如 'a' 或 'B'。字符值用单引号括起来
• boolean- 存储两种状态的值：true 或 false

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声明（创建）变量

要创建变量，必须指定类型并为其赋值：

句法获取您自己的 Java 服务器

<span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black"><em><code class="language-java">type variableName <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> value<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></em></span></span></span>

其中type是 Java 的类型之一（例如int或String），而 variableName是变量的名称（例如x或 name）。等号用于为变量赋值。

要创建一个存储文本的变量，请看以下示例：

例子

创建一个名为name类型的变量String并为其赋值“ John ”：

<span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#dd4a68">String</span> name <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">"John"</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#dd4a68">System</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>name<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span></span></span>

亲自尝试 »

要创建一个存储数字的变量，请看以下示例：

例子

创建一个名为myNum类型的变量int并为其赋值15：

<span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#0077aa">int</span> myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">15</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#dd4a68">System</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>myNum<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span></span></span>

亲自尝试 »

您还可以声明一个变量而不分配值，稍后再分配值：

例子

<span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#0077aa">int</span> myNum<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">15</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#dd4a68">System</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>myNum<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span></span></span>

亲自尝试 »

请注意，如果为现有变量分配新值，它将覆盖先前的值：

例子

myNum将from的值更改15为20：

<span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#0077aa">int</span> myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">15</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">20</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:slategray">// myNum is now 20</span>
<span style="color:#dd4a68">System</span><span style="color:#999999">.</span>out<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#dd4a68">println</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>myNum<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span></span></span>

亲自尝试 »

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Final 变量

如果您不想让其他人（或您自己）覆盖现有值，请使用关键字final（这会将变量声明为“final”或“c​​onstant”，这意味着不可更改和只读）：

例子

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#0077aa">final</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">int</span> myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">15</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">20</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>  <span style="color:slategray">// will generate an error: cannot assign a value to a final variable</span>
</code></span></span></span>

亲自尝试 »

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其他类型

如何声明其他类型变量的演示：

例子

<span style="background-color:#e7e9eb"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black"><code class="language-java"><span style="color:#0077aa">int</span> myNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">5</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#0077aa">float</span> myFloatNum <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">5.99f</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#0077aa">char</span> myLetter <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">'D'</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#0077aa">boolean</span> myBool <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#990055">true</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#dd4a68">String</span> myText <span style="color:#9a6e3a">=</span> <span style="color:#669900">"Hello"</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
</code></span></span></span>

您将在下一节中了解有关数据类型的更多信息。

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通过练习测试自己

锻炼：

创建一个名为的变量并为其carName分配值。Volvo