今天是AIDL的最后一节,今天会讲如何调用IPC远程服务的方法,也是对前几节的一个复习。然后会写一个demo来演示下使用AIDL实现IPC的全部步骤。
以下是android developer官网的讲解:
调用 IPC 方法
调用类必须执行以下步骤,才能调用使用 AIDL 定义的远程接口:
- 在项目 src/ 目录中加入 .aidl 文件。
- 声明一个 IBinder 接口实例(基于 AIDL 生成)。
- 实现 ServiceConnection。
- 调用 Context.bindService(),以传入您的 ServiceConnection 实现。
- 在您的 onServiceConnected() 实现中,您将收到一个 IBinder 实例(名为 service)。调用 YourInterfaceName.Stub.asInterface((IBinder)service),以将返回的参数转换为 YourInterface 类型。
- 调用您在接口上定义的方法。您应该始终捕获 DeadObjectException 异常,它们是在连接中断时引发的;这将是远程方法引发的唯一异常。
- 如需断开连接,请使用您的接口实例调用 Context.unbindService()。
- 对象是跨进程计数的引用。
- 您可以将匿名对象作为方法参数发送。
以下这些示例代码摘自 ApiDemos 项目的远程服务示例代码,展示了如何调用 AIDL 创建的服务。
public static class Binding extends Activity {
/** The primary interface we will be calling on the service. */
IRemoteService mService = null;
/** Another interface we use on the service. */
ISecondary mSecondaryService = null;
Button mKillButton;
TextView mCallbackText;
private boolean mIsBound;
/**
* Standard initialization of this activity. Set up the UI, then wait
* for the user to poke it before doing anything.
*/
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.remote_service_binding);
// Watch for button clicks.
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
mKillButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.kill);
mKillButton.setOnClickListener(mKillListener);
mKillButton.setEnabled(false);
mCallbackText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);
mCallbackText.setText("Not attached.");
}
/**
* Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
*/
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
IBinder service) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// established, giving us the service object we can use to
// interact with the service. We are communicating with our
// service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side
// representation of that from the raw service object.
mService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
mKillButton.setEnabled(true);
mCallbackText.setText("Attached.");
// We want to monitor the service for as long as we are
// connected to it.
try {
mService.registerCallback(mCallback);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// In this case the service has crashed before we could even
// do anything with it; we can count on soon being
// disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)
// so there is no need to do anything here.
}
// As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_connected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
mService = null;
mKillButton.setEnabled(false);
mCallbackText.setText("Disconnected.");
// As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_disconnected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
/**
* Class for interacting with the secondary interface of the service.
*/
private ServiceConnection mSecondaryConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
IBinder service) {
// Connecting to a secondary interface is the same as any
// other interface.
mSecondaryService = ISecondary.Stub.asInterface(service);
mKillButton.setEnabled(true);
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
mSecondaryService = null;
mKillButton.setEnabled(false);
}
};
private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// Establish a couple connections with the service, binding
// by interface names. This allows other applications to be
// installed that replace the remote service by implementing
// the same interface.
Intent intent = new Intent(Binding.this, RemoteService.class);
intent.setAction(IRemoteService.class.getName());
bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
intent.setAction(ISecondary.class.getName());
bindService(intent, mSecondaryConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mIsBound = true;
mCallbackText.setText("Binding.");
}
};
private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (mIsBound) {
// If we have received the service, and hence registered with
// it, then now is the time to unregister.
if (mService != null) {
try {
mService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// There is nothing special we need to do if the service
// has crashed.
}
}
// Detach our existing connection.
unbindService(mConnection);
unbindService(mSecondaryConnection);
mKillButton.setEnabled(false);
mIsBound = false;
mCallbackText.setText("Unbinding.");
}
}
};
private OnClickListener mKillListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// To kill the process hosting our service, we need to know its
// PID. Conveniently our service has a call that will return
// to us that information.
if (mSecondaryService != null) {
try {
int pid = mSecondaryService.getPid();
// Note that, though this API allows us to request to
// kill any process based on its PID, the kernel will
// still impose standard restrictions on which PIDs you
// are actually able to kill. Typically this means only
// the process running your application and any additional
// processes created by that app as shown here; packages
// sharing a common UID will also be able to kill each
// other's processes.
Process.killProcess(pid);
mCallbackText.setText("Killed service process.");
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Recover gracefully from the process hosting the
// server dying.
// Just for purposes of the sample, put up a notification.
Toast.makeText(Binding.this,
R.string.remote_call_failed,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
};
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Code showing how to deal with callbacks.
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* This implementation is used to receive callbacks from the remote
* service.
*/
private IRemoteServiceCallback mCallback = new IRemoteServiceCallback.Stub() {
/**
* This is called by the remote service regularly to tell us about
* new values. Note that IPC calls are dispatched through a thread
* pool running in each process, so the code executing here will
* NOT be running in our main thread like most other things -- so,
* to update the UI, we need to use a Handler to hop over there.
*/
public void valueChanged(int value) {
mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(BUMP_MSG, value, 0));
}
};
private static final int BUMP_MSG = 1;
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case BUMP_MSG:
mCallbackText.setText("Received from service: " + msg.arg1);
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
};
}