Python循环语句

1.语法
   while 条件:

        代码块

   for循环可以遍历任何序列的项目，如一个列表或者一个字符串。

 for iterating_var in sequence:
   statements(s)

2.while循环嵌套

   while 条件1:
        条件1满足时，做的事情1
        条件1满足时，做的事情2
        条件1满足时，做的事情3
        ...(省略)...
        while 条件2:
            条件2满足时，做的事情1
            条件2满足时，做的事情2
            条件2满足时，做的事情3

            ...(省略)...

  在 python 中，while … else 在循环条件为 false 时执行 else 语句块：   

#!/usr/bin/python
 
count = 0
while count < 5:
   print count, " is  less than 5"
   count = count + 1
else:
   print count, " is not less than 5"

以上实例输出结果为：

0 is less than 5
1 is less than 5
2 is less than 5
3 is less than 5
4 is less than 5
5 is not less than 5

例：（1）猜拳游戏改成循环版，提示用户要不要再玩和要不要结束。

'''
	猜拳游戏改成循环版，提示用户要不要再玩和要不要结束。
	赢：
	   用户：1	2	3
	   电脑：3	1	2
'''

import random
flag = True
while flag:
	computer = random.randint(1,3)
	while True:
		user = int(input('请输入数字：（1）剪刀（2）石头（3）布:'))
		if user == 1:
			u = '剪刀'
			break
		elif user ==2:
			u ='石头'
			break
		elif user ==3:
			u='布'
			break
		else:
			print('请输入正确1,2,3中的任意数字。')
	if computer == 1:
		com = '剪刀'
	elif computer ==2:
		com ='石头'
	else:
		com='布'
	print('用户：%s  \n电脑：%s'%(u,com))
	if (user == 1 and computer == 3) or (user == 2 and computer == 1) or (user == 3 and computer ==2):
		print('赢了！')
	elif user == computer:
		print('平局！')
	else:
		print('输了！')
	while flag:
		str = input('是否继续游戏？[是，否]：')
		if str == '否':
			flag = False
			break
		elif str == '是':
			flag = True
			break

3. for 循环

实例：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
for letter in 'Python':     # 第一个实例
   print '当前字母 :', letter

4.循环的技巧

     1.在序列中循环时，索引位置和对应值可以使用 enumerate() 函数同时得到:

>>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):
...     print(i, v)
...
0 tic
1 tac
2 toe

     2.同时循环两个或更多的序列，可以使用zip()整体打包:

>>> questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']
>>> answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']
>>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):
...     print('What is your {0}?  It is {1}.'.format(q, a))
...
What is your name?  It is lancelot.
What is your quest?  It is the holy grail.
What is your favorite color?  It is blue.

     3.需要逆向循环序列的话，先正向定位序列，然后调用reversed()函数:

>>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):
...     print(i)
...
9
7
5
3
1

     4.要按排序后的顺序循环序列的话，使用sorted() 函数，它不改动原序列，而是生成一个新的已排序的序列:

>>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']
>>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):
...     print(f)
...
apple
banana
orange
pear

     5.若要在循环内部修改正在遍历的序列（例如复制某些元素），建议您首先制作副本。在序列上循环不会隐式地创建副本。切片表示法使这尤其方便:

>>> words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']
>>> for w in words[:]:  # Loop over a slice copy of the entire list.
...     if len(w) > 6:
...         words.insert(0, w)
...
>>> words
['defenestrate', 'cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']