Android应用程序进程启动原理
望舒课堂 学习记录整理。便于我个人的学习记录。
要想启动一个应用程序，首先要保证这个应用程序所需要的应用程序进程已经被启动。
AMS在启动应用程序时会检查这个应用程序需要的应用程序进程是否存在，不存在就会请求Zygote进程将需要的应用程序进程启动。
一、AMS发送启动应用程序进程请求
Android 11 时序图
ActivityManagerService
frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\am\ActivityManagerService.java
@GuardedBy("this")
final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,
ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags,
HostingRecord hostingRecord, int zygotePolicyFlags, boolean allowWhileBooting,
boolean isolated, boolean keepIfLarge) {
return mProcessList.startProcessLocked(processName, info, knownToBeDead, intentFlags,
hostingRecord, zygotePolicyFlags, allowWhileBooting, isolated, 0 /* isolatedUid */,
keepIfLarge, null /* ABI override */, null /* entryPoint */,
null /* entryPointArgs */, null /* crashHandler */);
}
ProcessList
frameworks\base\services\core\java\com\android\server\am\ProcessList.java
AMS调用
@GuardedBy("mService")
final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName, ApplicationInfo info,
boolean knownToBeDead, int intentFlags, HostingRecord hostingRecord,
int zygotePolicyFlags, boolean allowWhileBooting, boolean isolated, int isolatedUid,
boolean keepIfLarge, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs,
Runnable crashHandler) {
...
final boolean success =
startProcessLocked(app, hostingRecord, zygotePolicyFlags, abiOverride);
checkSlow(startTime, "startProcess: done starting proc!");
return success ? app : null;
}
第一次调用重载
@GuardedBy("mService")
final boolean startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, HostingRecord hostingRecord,
int zygotePolicyFlags, String abiOverride) {
return startProcessLocked(app, hostingRecord, zygotePolicyFlags,
false /* disableHiddenApiChecks */, false /* disableTestApiChecks */,
false /* mountExtStorageFull */, abiOverride);
第二次调用重载
/**
* @return {@code true} if process start is successful, false otherwise.
*/
@GuardedBy("mService")
boolean startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, HostingRecord hostingRecord,
int zygotePolicyFlags, boolean disableHiddenApiChecks, boolean disableTestApiChecks,
boolean mountExtStorageFull, String abiOverride) {
...
try{
final String entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";//1
return startProcessLocked(hostingRecord, entryPoint, app, uid, gids,
runtimeFlags, zygotePolicyFlags, mountExternal, seInfo, requiredAbi,
instructionSet, invokeWith, startTime);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
Slog.e(ActivityManagerService.TAG, "Failure starting process " + app.processName, e);
mService.forceStopPackageLocked(app.info.packageName, UserHandle.getAppId(app.uid),
false, false, true, false, false, app.userId, "start failure");
return false;
}
}
第三次调用重载
@GuardedBy("mService")
boolean startProcessLocked(HostingRecord hostingRecord, String entryPoint, ProcessRecord app,
int uid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags, int zygotePolicyFlags, int mountExternal,
String seInfo, String requiredAbi, String instructionSet, String invokeWith,
long startTime) {
...
if (mService.mConstants.FLAG_PROCESS_START_ASYNC) {
if (DEBUG_PROCESSES) Slog.i(TAG_PROCESSES,
"Posting procStart msg for " + app.toShortString());
mService.mProcStartHandler.post(() -> handleProcessStart(
app, entryPoint, gids, runtimeFlags, zygotePolicyFlags, mountExternal,
requiredAbi, instructionSet, invokeWith, startSeq));
return true;
} else {
try {
//关键点在于startProcess方法
final Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = startProcess(hostingRecord,
entryPoint, app,
uid, gids, runtimeFlags, zygotePolicyFlags, mountExternal, seInfo,
requiredAbi, instructionSet, invokeWith, startTime);
handleProcessStartedLocked(app, startResult.pid, startResult.usingWrapper,
startSeq, false);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
Slog.e(ActivityManagerService.TAG, "Failure starting process "
+ app.processName, e);
app.pendingStart = false;
mService.forceStopPackageLocked(app.info.packageName, UserHandle.getAppId(app.uid),
false, false, true, false, false, app.userId, "start failure");
}
return app.pid > 0;
}
}
startProcess方法关键部分
private Process.ProcessStartResult startProcess(HostingRecord hostingRecord, String entryPoint,
ProcessRecord app, int uid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags, int zygotePolicyFlags,
int mountExternal, String seInfo, String requiredAbi, String instructionSet,
String invokeWith, long startTime) {
...
final Process.ProcessStartResult startResult;
if (hostingRecord.usesWebviewZygote()) {
...
} else if (hostingRecord.usesAppZygote()) {
...
} else {
startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
app.processName, uid, uid, gids, runtimeFlags, mountExternal,
app.info.targetSdkVersion, seInfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
app.info.dataDir, invokeWith, app.info.packageName, zygotePolicyFlags,
isTopApp, app.mDisabledCompatChanges, pkgDataInfoMap,
whitelistedAppDataInfoMap, bindMountAppsData, bindMountAppStorageDirs,
new String[]{PROC_START_SEQ_IDENT + app.startSeq});
}
...
}
Process
frameworks\base\core\java\android\os\Process.java
start方法：
public static final ZygoteProcess ZYGOTE_PROCESS = new ZygoteProcess();
public static ProcessStartResult start(@NonNull final String processClass,
@Nullable final String niceName,
int uid, int gid, @Nullable int[] gids,
int runtimeFlags,
int mountExternal,
int targetSdkVersion,
@Nullable String seInfo,
@NonNull String abi,
@Nullable String instructionSet,
@Nullable String appDataDir,
@Nullable String invokeWith,
@Nullable String packageName,
int zygotePolicyFlags,
boolean isTopApp,
@Nullable long[] disabledCompatChanges,
@Nullable Map<String, Pair<String, Long>>
pkgDataInfoMap,
@Nullable Map<String, Pair<String, Long>>
whitelistedDataInfoMap,
boolean bindMountAppsData,
boolean bindMountAppStorageDirs,
@Nullable String[] zygoteArgs) {
// 调用的就是ZygoteProcess 的start方法
return ZYGOTE_PROCESS.start(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
runtimeFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith, packageName,
zygotePolicyFlags, isTopApp, disabledCompatChanges,
pkgDataInfoMap, whitelistedDataInfoMap, bindMountAppsData,
bindMountAppStorageDirs, zygoteArgs);
ZygoteProcess
frameworks\base\core\java\android\os\ZygoteProcess.java
start方法
public final Process.ProcessStartResult start(@NonNull final String processClass,
final String niceName,
int uid, int gid, @Nullable int[] gids,
int runtimeFlags, int mountExternal,
int targetSdkVersion,
@Nullable String seInfo,
@NonNull String abi,
@Nullable String instructionSet,
@Nullable String appDataDir,
@Nullable String invokeWith,
@Nullable String packageName,
int zygotePolicyFlags,
boolean isTopApp,
@Nullable long[] disabledCompatChanges,
@Nullable Map<String, Pair<String, Long>>
pkgDataInfoMap,
@Nullable Map<String, Pair<String, Long>>
whitelistedDataInfoMap,
boolean bindMountAppsData,
boolean bindMountAppStorageDirs,
@Nullable String[] zygoteArgs) {
// TODO (chriswailes): Is there a better place to check this value?
if (fetchUsapPoolEnabledPropWithMinInterval()) {
informZygotesOfUsapPoolStatus();
}
try {
// 实际调用的startViaZygote
return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
runtimeFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith, /*startChildZygote=*/ false,
packageName, zygotePolicyFlags, isTopApp, disabledCompatChanges,
pkgDataInfoMap, whitelistedDataInfoMap, bindMountAppsData,
bindMountAppStorageDirs, zygoteArgs);
} catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
Log.e(LOG_TAG,
"Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
throw new RuntimeException(
"Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
}
}
startViaZygote方法关键代码：
private Process.ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(@NonNull final String processClass,
@Nullable final String niceName,
final int uid, final int gid,
@Nullable final int[] gids,
int runtimeFlags, int mountExternal,
int targetSdkVersion,
@Nullable String seInfo,
@NonNull String abi,
@Nullable String instructionSet,
@Nullable String appDataDir,
@Nullable String invokeWith,
boolean startChildZygote,
@Nullable String packageName,
int zygotePolicyFlags,
boolean isTopApp,
@Nullable long[] disabledCompatChanges,
@Nullable Map<String, Pair<String, Long>>
pkgDataInfoMap,
@Nullable Map<String, Pair<String, Long>>
whitelistedDataInfoMap,
boolean bindMountAppsData,
boolean bindMountAppStorageDirs,
@Nullable String[] extraArgs)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<>();
// --runtime-args, --setuid=, --setgid=,
// and --setgroups= must go first
// 创建字符串列表argsForZygote，并将启动应用进程的参数保存在argsForZygote中
argsForZygote.add("--runtime-args");
argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
argsForZygote.add("--runtime-flags=" + runtimeFlags);
if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-default");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_READ) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-read");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_WRITE) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-write");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_FULL) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-full");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_INSTALLER) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-installer");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_LEGACY) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-legacy");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_PASS_THROUGH) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-pass-through");
} else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_ANDROID_WRITABLE) {
argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-android-writable");
}
...
// 关键部分。argsForZygote传入方法zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult
synchronized(mLock) {
// The USAP pool can not be used if the application will not use the systems graphics
// driver. If that driver is requested use the Zygote application start path.
return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi),
zygotePolicyFlags,
argsForZygote);
}
}
openZygoteSocketIfNeeded 方法相关：
@GuardedBy("mLock")
private ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
try {
attemptConnectionToPrimaryZygote();
// 如果主模式启动状态匹配相应指令，则返回主模式状态
if (primaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {//abi：应用程序二进制接口
return primaryZygoteState;
}
if (mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress != null) {
// The primary zygote didn't match. Try the secondary.
attemptConnectionToSecondaryZygote();
//如果与应用程序所需的abi匹配，返回辅模式状态
if (secondaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
return secondaryZygoteState;
}
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to zygote", ioe);
}
// 否则抛异常
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Unsupported zygote ABI: " + abi);
}
/**
* Creates a ZygoteState for the primary zygote if it doesn't exist or has been disconnected.
*/
@GuardedBy("mLock")
private void attemptConnectionToPrimaryZygote() throws IOException {
if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
// 与Zygote主模式建立socket连接 ，并返回主模式状态
primaryZygoteState =
ZygoteState.connect(mZygoteSocketAddress, mUsapPoolSocketAddress);
maybeSetApiBlacklistExemptions(primaryZygoteState, false);
maybeSetHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(primaryZygoteState);
}
}
/**
* Creates a ZygoteState for the secondary zygote if it doesn't exist or has been disconnected.
*/
@GuardedBy("mLock")
private void attemptConnectionToSecondaryZygote() throws IOException {
if (secondaryZygoteState == null || secondaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
// 与Zygote辅模式建立socket连接 ，并返回辅模式状态
secondaryZygoteState =
ZygoteState.connect(mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress,
mUsapPoolSecondarySocketAddress);
maybeSetApiBlacklistExemptions(secondaryZygoteState, false);
maybeSetHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(secondaryZygoteState);
}
}
zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult 代码
@GuardedBy("mLock")
private Process.ProcessStartResult zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(
ZygoteState zygoteState, int zygotePolicyFlags, @NonNull ArrayList<String> args)
throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
// Throw early if any of the arguments are malformed. This means we can
// avoid writing a partial response to the zygote.
for (String arg : args) {
// Making two indexOf calls here is faster than running a manually fused loop due
// to the fact that indexOf is a optimized intrinsic.
if (arg.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Embedded newlines not allowed");
} else if (arg.indexOf('\r') >= 0) {
throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Embedded carriage returns not allowed");
}
}
/*
* See com.android.internal.os.ZygoteArguments.parseArgs()
* Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
* a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
* b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
*
* After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
* the child or -1 on failure, followed by boolean to
* indicate whether a wrapper process was used.
*/
String msgStr = args.size() + "\n" + String.join("\n", args) + "\n";
if (shouldAttemptUsapLaunch(zygotePolicyFlags, args)) {
try {
// 将启动参数写入到zygoteState
// zygoteState是ZygoteProcess的静态内部类 用于表示与zygote通信的状态
return attemptUsapSendArgsAndGetResult(zygoteState, msgStr);
} catch (IOException ex) {
// If there was an IOException using the USAP pool we will log the error and
// attempt to start the process through the Zygote.
Log.e(LOG_TAG, "IO Exception while communicating with USAP pool - "
+ ex.getMessage());
}
}
return attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(zygoteState, msgStr);
}
二、Zygote接受请求并创建应用程序进程
ZygoteInit
frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.java
ZygoteInit的main方法
public static void main(String argv[]) {
...
zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer(isPrimaryZygote);
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, zygoteSocketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
Log.i(TAG, "Accepting command socket connections");
// The select loop returns early in the child process after a fork and
// loops forever in the zygote.
// 轮询等待AMS请求，创建新的应用程序进程
caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
throw ex;
} finally {
if (zygoteServer != null) {
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
}
}
// We're in the child process and have exited the select loop. Proceed to execute the
// command.
if (caller != null) {
caller.run();
}
}
ZygoteServer
frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteServer.java
zygoteServer的runSelectLoop方法关键代码:
/**
* Runs the zygote process's select loop. Accepts new connections as
* they happen, and reads commands from connections one spawn-request's
* worth at a time.
*/
Runnable runSelectLoop(String abiList) {
ArrayList<FileDescriptor> socketFDs = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList<ZygoteConnection> peers = new ArrayList<>();
// 将ZygoteSocket的文件描述符添加进集合
socketFDs.add(mZygoteSocket.getFileDescriptor());
peers.add(null);
mUsapPoolRefillTriggerTimestamp = INVALID_TIMESTAMP;
while (true) {
...
int pollIndex = 0;
// socketFD的信息转换到StructPollfd数组
for (FileDescriptor socketFD : socketFDs) {
pollFDs[pollIndex] = new StructPollfd();
pollFDs[pollIndex].fd = socketFD;
pollFDs[pollIndex].events = (short) POLLIN;
++pollIndex;
}
...
try {
ZygoteConnection connection = peers.get(pollIndex);
// processOneCommand 方法创建了新的应用程序进程
final Runnable command = connection.processOneCommand(this);
...
catch(Exception e) {
...
}
...
}
}
ZygoteConnection
frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteConnection.java
processOneCommand 方法关键代码：
Runnable processOneCommand(ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
String[] args;
try {
// 获取应用程序启动参数
args = Zygote.readArgumentList(mSocketReader);
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("IOException on command socket", ex);
}
if (args == null) {
isEof = true;
return null;
}
int pid;
FileDescriptor childPipeFd = null;
FileDescriptor serverPipeFd = null;
// 启动参数封装成对象
ZygoteArguments parsedArgs = new ZygoteArguments(args);
...
/**
* 创建应用程序进程
*/
pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid, parsedArgs.mGids,
parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mMountExternal, parsedArgs.mSeInfo,
parsedArgs.mNiceName, fdsToClose, fdsToIgnore, parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote,
parsedArgs.mInstructionSet, parsedArgs.mAppDataDir, parsedArgs.mIsTopApp,
parsedArgs.mPkgDataInfoList, parsedArgs.mWhitelistedDataInfoList,
parsedArgs.mBindMountAppDataDirs, parsedArgs.mBindMountAppStorageDirs);
try {
if (pid == 0) {
// 当前代码逻辑运行在子进程中（应用程序进程中）
// in child
zygoteServer.setForkChild();
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
serverPipeFd = null;
// 处理应用程序进程
return handleChildProc(parsedArgs, childPipeFd, parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote);
} else {
// In the parent. A pid < 0 indicates a failure and will be handled in
// handleParentProc.
IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
childPipeFd = null;
handleParentProc(pid, serverPipeFd);
return null;
}
} finally {
IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
}
}
private Runnable handleChildProc(ZygoteArguments parsedArgs,
FileDescriptor pipeFd, boolean isZygote) {
/*
* By the time we get here, the native code has closed the two actual Zygote
* socket connections, and substituted /dev/null in their place. The LocalSocket
* objects still need to be closed properly.
*/
closeSocket();
Zygote.setAppProcessName(parsedArgs, TAG);
// End of the postFork event.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
if (parsedArgs.mInvokeWith != null) {
WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.mInvokeWith,
parsedArgs.mNiceName, parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(),
pipeFd, parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs);
// Should not get here.
throw new IllegalStateException("WrapperInit.execApplication unexpectedly returned");
} else {
if (!isZygote) {
// 再次调用了ZygoteInit.zygoteInit方法
return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
parsedArgs.mDisabledCompatChanges,
parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
} else {
return ZygoteInit.childZygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
}
}
}
回到ZygteInit的zygoteInit方法
frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.java
public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
if (RuntimeInit.DEBUG) {
Slog.d(RuntimeInit.TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();
RuntimeInit.commonInit();
// 在新创建的应用程序进程中创建binder线程池
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();
return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, disabledCompatChanges, argv,
classLoader);
}
RuntimeInit
frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\RuntimeInit.java
RuntimeInit.applicationInit 可以参考SystemServer启动原理中的ZygoteInit 的分析
protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, long[] disabledCompatChanges,
String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
// If the application calls System.exit(), terminate the process
// immediately without running any shutdown hooks. It is not possible to
// shutdown an Android application gracefully. Among other things, the
// Android runtime shutdown hooks close the Binder driver, which can cause
// leftover running threads to crash before the process actually exits.
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setDisabledCompatChanges(disabledCompatChanges);
final Arguments args = new Arguments(argv);
// The end of of the RuntimeInit event (see #zygoteInit).
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
// Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
// 此时的 args.startClass 值就是前面ProcessList.startProcessLocked 第二次重载调用中的 android.app.ActivityThread
return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
最终调用到了ActivityThread.main方法 从而启动应用程序进程
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