本文详细介绍了如何将FatFs文件系统移植到STM32的SD卡驱动上，包括下载FatFs源码、理解其组织架构、配置文件系统参数、修改diskio.c文件以适配SD卡驱动，以及实现实时时钟RTC。通过这些步骤，可以在STM32工程中实现对SD卡的读写和文件操作。
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《【SDIO】SDIO、SD卡、FatFs文件系统相关文章索引》
1.前言
FatFs是一个通用的FAT/exFAT文件系统模块，用于小型嵌入式系统。它完全是由 ANSI C 语言编写并且完全独立于底层的 I/O 介质。因此它是独立于平台的，可以集成到资源有限的小型微控制器中，如8051、PIC、AVR、ARM、Z80、RX等。FatFs 支持 FAT12、FAT16、FAT32、exFAT 等格式，所以我们利用前面写好的 SD卡驱动，把 FatFs 文件系统代码移植到工程。
2.如何下载FatFs文件系统
FatFs 文件系统的源码可以从 fatfs 官网下载:
http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/00index_e.html
下面红色框标记出来的就是FatFs文件系统源码和FatFs样例工程，如下：
下载如下：
3.FatFs文件系统的组织架构
在移植之前，我们需要对FatFs文件系统有一个大致认识。这样我们才知道哪些是可以直接移植，哪些是需要我们自己来实现的。下面显示的依赖关系图是带有FatFs模块的嵌入式系统的典型配置。绿色部分（Low Level Disk I/O Layer）FatFs文件系统不关心具体的实现，所以需要我们自己来实现它。
下面展示了单驱动系统和多驱动系统，我们在实现了SD卡驱动之后，还需要实现一个实时时钟（RTC），它会在创建或者修改文件时会用到。如果需要同时支持U盘、SD卡、Nand Flash等，需要分别实现对应的驱动，然后挂载在不同的节点，这样FatFs就可以同时管理多个设备。
下表显示了根据配置选项需要哪些功能，如下：
| Function | Required when | Note |
| disk_status disk_initialize disk_read | Always | Disk I/O functions. Samples available in ffsample.zip. There are many implementations on the web. |
| disk_write get_fattime disk_ioctl (CTRL_SYNC) | FF_FS_READONLY == 0 | |
| disk_ioctl (GET_SECTOR_COUNT) disk_ioctl (GET_BLOCK_SIZE) | FF_USE_MKFS == 1 | |
| disk_ioctl (GET_SECTOR_SIZE) | FF_MAX_SS != FF_MIN_SS | |
| disk_ioctl (CTRL_TRIM) | FF_USE_TRIM == 1 | |
| ff_uni2oem ff_oem2uni ff_wtoupper | FF_USE_LFN != 0 | Unicode support functions. Add optional module ffunicode.c to the project. |
| ff_cre_syncobj ff_del_syncobj ff_req_grant ff_rel_grant | FF_FS_REENTRANT == 1 | O/S dependent functions. Sample code is available in ffsystem.c. |
| ff_mem_alloc ff_mem_free | FF_USE_LFN == 3 |
4.FatFs文件系统移植步骤
前面我们有实现基于STM32 SDIO SD卡读写测试程序，为移植 FatFs 方便，我们在该工程基础上添加 FatFs 组件，并修改 main 函数的用户程序即可。
- 将 FatFs 组件文件添加到工程中，视图如下：
2.将 FatFs 组件相关的头文件添加到工程，如下：
3.修改diskio.c文件，主要是将SD卡的初始化、读写操作和实时时钟RTC，添加到对应的位置。（备注：实时时钟RTC驱动未真正的实现，只是使用了固定假的时钟。）
#include "main.h"
#include "ff.h" /* Obtains integer types */
#include "diskio.h" /* Declarations of disk functions */
#include "bsp_sdio_sd.h"
/* Definitions of physical drive number for each drive */
#define DEV_RAM 0 /* Example: Map Ramdisk to physical drive 0 */
#define DEV_MMC 1 /* Example: Map MMC/SD card to physical drive 1 */
#define DEV_USB 2 /* Example: Map USB MSD to physical drive 2 */
#define SD_BLOCKSIZE 512
static volatile DSTATUS currStat = STA_NOINIT; /* Physical drive status */
extern SD_CardInfo SDCardInfo;
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Get Drive Status */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
DSTATUS disk_status (
BYTE pdrv /* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
)
{
DSTATUS stat = STA_NOINIT;
//int result;
switch (pdrv) {
case DEV_RAM :
break;
case DEV_MMC :
stat = currStat;
break;
case DEV_USB :
break;
}
return stat;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Inidialize a Drive */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
DSTATUS disk_initialize (
BYTE pdrv /* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
)
{
DSTATUS stat = STA_NOINIT;
switch (pdrv) {
case DEV_RAM :
break;
case DEV_MMC :
if(SD_Init()==SD_OK)
{
stat &= ~STA_NOINIT;
}
else
{
stat = STA_NOINIT;
}
currStat = stat;
break;
case DEV_USB :
break;
}
return stat;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Read Sector(s) */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
DRESULT disk_read (
BYTE pdrv, /* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
BYTE *buff, /* Data buffer to store read data */
LBA_t sector, /* Start sector in LBA */
UINT count /* Number of sectors to read */
)
{
DRESULT res = RES_PARERR;
SD_Error SD_state = SD_OK;
if (!count) return RES_PARERR; /* Check parameter */
if (currStat & STA_NOINIT) return RES_NOTRDY; /* Check if drive is ready */
switch (pdrv) {
case DEV_RAM :
break;
case DEV_MMC :
if(count == 1){
SD_state = SD_ReadBlock(buff, sector*SD_BLOCKSIZE, SD_BLOCKSIZE);
}else{
SD_state=SD_ReadMultiBlocks(buff,sector*SD_BLOCKSIZE,SD_BLOCKSIZE,count);
}
if(SD_state==SD_OK)
{
/* Check if the Transfer is finished */
SD_state=SD_WaitReadOperation();
/* Wait until end of DMA transfer */
while(SD_GetStatus() != SD_TRANSFER_OK);
}
if(SD_state!=SD_OK)
res = RES_PARERR;
else
res = RES_OK;
break;
case DEV_USB :
break;
}
return res;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Write Sector(s) */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#if FF_FS_READONLY == 0
DRESULT disk_write (
BYTE pdrv, /* Physical drive nmuber to identify the drive */
const BYTE *buff, /* Data to be written */
LBA_t sector, /* Start sector in LBA */
UINT count /* Number of sectors to write */
)
{
DRESULT res = RES_PARERR;
SD_Error SD_state = SD_OK;
if (!count) return RES_PARERR; /* Check parameter */
if (currStat & STA_NOINIT) return RES_NOTRDY; /* Check if drive is ready */
if (currStat & STA_PROTECT) return RES_WRPRT; /* Check write protect */
switch (pdrv) {
case DEV_RAM :
break;
case DEV_MMC :
if(count == 1){
SD_state = SD_WriteBlock((uint8_t *)buff, sector*SD_BLOCKSIZE, SD_BLOCKSIZE);
}else{
SD_state=SD_WriteMultiBlocks((uint8_t *)buff,sector*SD_BLOCKSIZE,SD_BLOCKSIZE,count);
}
if(SD_state==SD_OK)
{
/* Check if the Transfer is finished */
SD_state=SD_WaitWriteOperation();
/* Wait until end of DMA transfer */
while(SD_GetStatus() != SD_TRANSFER_OK);
}
if(SD_state!=SD_OK)
res = RES_PARERR;
else
res = RES_OK;
break;
case DEV_USB :
break;
}
return res;
}
#endif
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Miscellaneous Functions */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
DRESULT disk_ioctl (
BYTE pdrv, /* Physical drive nmuber (0..) */
BYTE cmd, /* Control code */
void *buff /* Buffer to send/receive control data */
)
{
DRESULT res = RES_PARERR;
//int result;
switch (pdrv) {
case DEV_RAM :
break;
case DEV_MMC :
switch (cmd)
{
// Get R/W sector size (WORD)
case GET_SECTOR_SIZE :
*(WORD * )buff = SDCardInfo.CardBlockSize;
break;
// Get erase block size in unit of sector (DWORD)
case GET_BLOCK_SIZE :
*(DWORD * )buff = SDCardInfo.CardBlockSize;
break;
case GET_SECTOR_COUNT:
*(DWORD * )buff = SDCardInfo.CardCapacity/SDCardInfo.CardBlockSize;
break;
case CTRL_SYNC :
break;
}
res = RES_OK;
break;
case DEV_USB :
break;
}
return res;
}
__weak DWORD get_fattime(void) {
/* 返回当前时间戳 */
return ((DWORD)(2021 - 1980) << 25) /* Year 2021 */
| ((DWORD)1 << 21) /* Month 1 */
| ((DWORD)1 << 16) /* Mday 1 */
| ((DWORD)0 << 11) /* Hour 0 */
| ((DWORD)0 << 5) /* Min 0 */
| ((DWORD)0 >> 1); /* Sec 0 */
}
- 修改
ffconf.h文件，配置FatFs可能使用到的属性，如下：
--- G:2.stm32f429_sdio_fatfs_test\User\fatfs\ffconf.h
+++ G:2.stm32f429_sdio_fatfs_test\User\fatfs\ffconf.h
@@ -35,13 +35,13 @@
#define FF_USE_FIND 0
/* This option switches filtered directory read functions, f_findfirst() and
/ f_findnext(). (0:Disable, 1:Enable 2:Enable with matching altname[] too) */
-#define FF_USE_MKFS 0
+#define FF_USE_MKFS 1
/* This option switches f_mkfs() function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
#define FF_USE_FASTSEEK 0
/* This option switches fast seek function. (0:Disable or 1:Enable) */
@@ -65,13 +65,13 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/ Locale and Namespace Configurations
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-#define FF_CODE_PAGE 932
+#define FF_CODE_PAGE 936
/* This option specifies the OEM code page to be used on the target system.
/ Incorrect code page setting can cause a file open failure.
/
/ 437 - U.S.
/ 720 - Arabic
/ 737 - Greek
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@
/ 949 - Korean (DBCS)
/ 950 - Traditional Chinese (DBCS)
/ 0 - Include all code pages above and configured by f_setcp()
*/
-#define FF_USE_LFN 0
+#define FF_USE_LFN 2
#define FF_MAX_LFN 255
/* The FF_USE_LFN switches the support for LFN (long file name).
/
/ 0: Disable LFN. FF_MAX_LFN has no effect.
/ 1: Enable LFN with static working buffer on the BSS. Always NOT thread-safe.
/ 2: Enable LFN with dynamic working buffer on the STACK.
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------/
/ Drive/Volume Configurations
/---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-#define FF_VOLUMES 1
+#define FF_VOLUMES 2
/* Number of volumes (logical drives) to be used. (1-10) */
#define FF_STR_VOLUME_ID 0
#define FF_VOLUME_STRS "RAM","NAND","CF","SD","SD2","USB","USB2","USB3"
/* FF_STR_VOLUME_ID switches support for volume ID in arbitrary strings.
- 修改
main.c文件，对SD卡进行FatFs测试，如下：
static void put_rc (FRESULT rc)
{
const char *str =
"OK\0" "DISK_ERR\0" "INT_ERR\0" "NOT_READY\0" "NO_FILE\0" "NO_PATH\0"
"INVALID_NAME\0" "DENIED\0" "EXIST\0" "INVALID_OBJECT\0" "WRITE_PROTECTED\0"
"INVALID_DRIVE\0" "NOT_ENABLED\0" "NO_FILE_SYSTEM\0" "MKFS_ABORTED\0" "TIMEOUT\0"
"LOCKED\0" "NOT_ENOUGH_CORE\0" "TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES\0" "INVALID_PARAMETER\0";
FRESULT i;
for (i = FR_OK; i != rc && *str; i++) {
while (*str++) ;
}
printf("rc=%u FR_%s\n", (UINT)rc, str);
}
static void fatfs_show_volume_status(char *ptr)
{
FRESULT res;
long p1;
FATFS *fs;
static const char *ft[] = {"", "FAT12", "FAT16", "FAT32", "exFAT"};
if(ptr == NULL){
return;
}
res = f_getfree("1:/", (DWORD*)&p1, &fs);
if (res) { put_rc(res); return; }
printf("FAT type = %s\r\n", ft[fs->fs_type]);
printf("Bytes/Cluster = %lu\r\n", (DWORD)fs->csize * 512);
printf("Number of FATs = %u\r\n", fs->n_fats);
if (fs->fs_type < FS_FAT32) printf("Root DIR entries = %u\r\n", fs->n_rootdir);
printf("Sectors/FAT = %lu\r\n", fs->fsize);
printf("Number of clusters = %lu\r\n", (DWORD)fs->n_fatent - 2);
printf("Volume start (lba) = %lu\r\n", fs->volbase);
printf("FAT start (lba) = %lu\r\n", fs->fatbase);
printf("DIR start (lba,clustor) = %lu\r\n", fs->dirbase);
printf("Data start (lba) = %lu\r\n\r\n", fs->database);
}
static void fatfs_directory_listing(char *ptr)
{
FRESULT res;
UINT acc_files, acc_dirs;
QWORD acc_size;
DWORD dw;
FATFS *fs;
if(ptr == NULL){
return;
}
while (*ptr == ' ') ptr++;
res = f_opendir(&Dir, ptr);
if (res) { put_rc(res); return; }
acc_size = acc_dirs = acc_files = 0;
for(;;) {
res = f_readdir(&Dir, &Finfo);
if ((res != FR_OK) || !Finfo.fname[0]) break;
if (Finfo.fattrib & AM_DIR) {
acc_dirs++;
} else {
acc_files++; acc_size += Finfo.fsize;
}
printf("%c%c%c%c%c %u/%02u/%02u %02u:%02u %9lu %s\r\n",
(Finfo.fattrib & AM_DIR) ? 'D' : '-',
(Finfo.fattrib & AM_RDO) ? 'R' : '-',
(Finfo.fattrib & AM_HID) ? 'H' : '-',
(Finfo.fattrib & AM_SYS) ? 'S' : '-',
(Finfo.fattrib & AM_ARC) ? 'A' : '-',
(Finfo.fdate >> 9) + 1980, (Finfo.fdate >> 5) & 15, Finfo.fdate & 31,
(Finfo.ftime >> 11), (Finfo.ftime >> 5) & 63,
Finfo.fsize, Finfo.fname);
}
printf("%4u File(s),%10llu bytes total\r\n%4u Dir(s)", acc_files, acc_size, acc_dirs);
res = f_getfree(ptr, &dw, &fs);
if (res == FR_OK) {
printf(", %10llu bytes free\r\n", (QWORD)dw * fs->csize * 512);
} else {
put_rc(res);
}
}
int main(void)
{
/* 禁用WiFi模块 */
BL8782_PDN_INIT();
// init led
LED_GPIO_Config();
LED1(OFF);
LED2(OFF);
LED3(OFF);
// init uart
Debug_USART1_Config();
printf("starting up!!!\r\n");
// init systick
SysTick_Init();
printf("\r\n****** 这是一个SD卡 文件系统实验 ******\r\n");
//在外部SPI Flash挂载文件系统，文件系统挂载时会对SPI设备初始化
res_sd = f_mount(&fs,"1:",1);
/*----------------------- 格式化测试 ---------------------------*/
/* 如果没有文件系统就格式化创建创建文件系统 */
if(res_sd == FR_NO_FILESYSTEM)
{
printf("》SD卡还没有文件系统，即将进行格式化...\r\n");
/* 格式化 */
res_sd=f_mkfs("1:",0,work, sizeof(work));
if(res_sd == FR_OK)
{
printf("》SD卡已成功格式化文件系统。\r\n");
/* 格式化后，先取消挂载 */
res_sd = f_mount(NULL,"1:",1);
/* 重新挂载 */
res_sd = f_mount(&fs,"1:",1);
}
else
{
LED1(ON);
printf("《《格式化失败。》》\r\n");
while(1);
}
}
else if(res_sd!=FR_OK)
{
printf("！！SD卡挂载文件系统失败。(%d)\r\n",res_sd);
printf("！！可能原因：SD卡初始化不成功。\r\n");
while(1);
}
else
{
printf("》文件系统挂载成功，可以进行读写测试\r\n");
}
fatfs_show_volume_status("1:/");
fatfs_directory_listing("1:/");
/*----------------------- 文件系统测试：写测试 -----------------------------*/
/* 打开文件，如果文件不存在则创建它 */
printf("\r\n****** 即将进行文件写入测试... ******\r\n");
res_sd = f_open(&fnew, "1:FatFs读写测试文件.txt",FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE );
if ( res_sd == FR_OK )
{
printf("》打开/创建FatFs读写测试文件.txt文件成功，向文件写入数据。\r\n");
/* 将指定存储区内容写入到文件内 */
res_sd=f_write(&fnew,WriteBuffer,sizeof(WriteBuffer),&fnum);
if(res_sd==FR_OK)
{
printf("》文件写入成功，写入字节数据：%d\r\n",fnum);
printf("》向文件写入的数据为：\r\n%s\r\n",WriteBuffer);
}
else
{
printf("！！文件写入失败：(%d)\n",res_sd);
}
/* 不再读写，关闭文件 */
f_close(&fnew);
}
else
{
LED1(ON);
printf("！！打开/创建文件失败。\r\n");
}
/*------------------- 文件系统测试：读测试 ------------------------------------*/
printf("****** 即将进行文件读取测试... ******\r\n");
res_sd = f_open(&fnew, "1:FatFs读写测试文件.txt", FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ);
if(res_sd == FR_OK)
{
LED2(ON);
printf("》打开文件成功。\r\n");
res_sd = f_read(&fnew, ReadBuffer, sizeof(ReadBuffer), &fnum);
if(res_sd==FR_OK)
{
printf("》文件读取成功,读到字节数据：%d\r\n",fnum);
printf("》读取得的文件数据为：\r\n%s \r\n", ReadBuffer);
}
else
{
printf("！！文件读取失败：(%d)\n",res_sd);
}
}
else
{
LED1(ON);
printf("！！打开文件失败。\r\n");
}
/* 不再读写，关闭文件 */
f_close(&fnew);
/* 不再使用文件系统，取消挂载文件系统 */
f_mount(NULL,"1:",1);
/* 操作完成，停机 */
while(1)
{
}
//return 0;
}
5.验证测试结果
验证测试结果成功：
6.参考资料
移植成功的完整代码下载地址如下：
https://download.csdn.net/download/ZHONGCAI0901/16531823
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