k8s--基础--18.1--存储卷--介绍

k8s–基础–18.1–存储卷–介绍

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1、介绍

持久化就是将数据保存到硬盘中，存储卷的功能就是数据持久化

2、k8s支持哪些存储

[root@master1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

RESOURCE: volumes <[]Object>

DESCRIPTION:
     List of volumes that can be mounted by containers belonging to the pod.
     More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes

     Volume represents a named volume in a pod that may be accessed by any
     container in the pod.

FIELDS:
   awsElasticBlockStore	<Object>
     AWSElasticBlockStore represents an AWS Disk resource that is attached to a
     kubelet's host machine and then exposed to the pod. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes#awselasticblockstore

   azureDisk	<Object>
     AzureDisk represents an Azure Data Disk mount on the host and bind mount to
     the pod.

   azureFile	<Object>
     AzureFile represents an Azure File Service mount on the host and bind mount
     to the pod.

   cephfs	<Object>
     CephFS represents a Ceph FS mount on the host that shares a pod's lifetime

   cinder	<Object>
     Cinder represents a cinder volume attached and mounted on kubelets host
     machine. More info: https://examples.k8s.io/mysql-cinder-pd/README.md

   configMap	<Object>
     ConfigMap represents a configMap that should populate this volume

   csi	<Object>
     CSI (Container Storage Interface) represents storage that is handled by an
     external CSI driver (Alpha feature).

   downwardAPI	<Object>
     DownwardAPI represents downward API about the pod that should populate this
     volume

   emptyDir	<Object>
     EmptyDir represents a temporary directory that shares a pod's lifetime.
     More info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes#emptydir

   fc	<Object>
     FC represents a Fibre Channel resource that is attached to a kubelet's host
     machine and then exposed to the pod.

   flexVolume	<Object>
     FlexVolume represents a generic volume resource that is
     provisioned/attached using an exec based plugin.

   flocker	<Object>
     Flocker represents a Flocker volume attached to a kubelet's host machine.
     This depends on the Flocker control service being running

   gcePersistentDisk	<Object>
     GCEPersistentDisk represents a GCE Disk resource that is attached to a
     kubelet's host machine and then exposed to the pod. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes#gcepersistentdisk

   gitRepo	<Object>
     GitRepo represents a git repository at a particular revision. DEPRECATED:
     GitRepo is deprecated. To provision a container with a git repo, mount an
     EmptyDir into an InitContainer that clones the repo using git, then mount
     the EmptyDir into the Pod's container.

   glusterfs	<Object>
     Glusterfs represents a Glusterfs mount on the host that shares a pod's
     lifetime. More info: https://examples.k8s.io/volumes/glusterfs/README.md

   hostPath	<Object>
     HostPath represents a pre-existing file or directory on the host machine
     that is directly exposed to the container. This is generally used for
     system agents or other privileged things that are allowed to see the host
     machine. Most containers will NOT need this. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes#hostpath

   iscsi	<Object>
     ISCSI represents an ISCSI Disk resource that is attached to a kubelet's
     host machine and then exposed to the pod. More info:
     https://examples.k8s.io/volumes/iscsi/README.md

   name	<string> -required-
     Volume's name. Must be a DNS_LABEL and unique within the pod. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/#names

   nfs	<Object>
     NFS represents an NFS mount on the host that shares a pod's lifetime More
     info: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes#nfs

   persistentVolumeClaim	<Object>
     PersistentVolumeClaimVolumeSource represents a reference to a
     PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes#persistentvolumeclaims

   photonPersistentDisk	<Object>
     PhotonPersistentDisk represents a PhotonController persistent disk attached
     and mounted on kubelets host machine

   portworxVolume	<Object>
     PortworxVolume represents a portworx volume attached and mounted on
     kubelets host machine

   projected	<Object>
     Items for all in one resources secrets, configmaps, and downward API

   quobyte	<Object>
     Quobyte represents a Quobyte mount on the host that shares a pod's lifetime

   rbd	<Object>
     RBD represents a Rados Block Device mount on the host that shares a pod's
     lifetime. More info: https://examples.k8s.io/volumes/rbd/README.md

   scaleIO	<Object>
     ScaleIO represents a ScaleIO persistent volume attached and mounted on
     Kubernetes nodes.

   secret	<Object>
     Secret represents a secret that should populate this volume. More info:
     https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes#secret

   storageos	<Object>
     StorageOS represents a StorageOS volume attached and mounted on Kubernetes
     nodes.

   vsphereVolume	<Object>
     VsphereVolume represents a vSphere volume attached and mounted on kubelets
     host machine

 

3、常用的存储

emptyDir
hostPath
nfs
persistentVolumeClaim
glusterfs
cephfs
configMap

4、k8s使用存储卷步骤

4.1、定义存储卷，指明它要关联到哪个存储上的

案例

spec: 
  # 设置存储卷定义
  volumes:
    # 存储卷类型
    - emptyDir: {}
      # 存储卷名称
      name: nginx-volume

4.2、在容器中挂载存储卷

案例

spec: 
  containers:
   # 容器挂载存储卷
    volumeMounts:
    # 容器存储卷目录
    - mountPath: /cache
      # 引入名称为nginx-volume的存储定义
      name: nginx-volume