前言
就是给出一个多项式
A
(
x
)
A(x)
A(x),并给出一些值
x
1
,
x
2
⋅
⋅
⋅
x
k
x_1,x_2···x_k
x1,x2⋅⋅⋅xk
求
A
(
x
1
)
,
A
(
x
2
)
⋅
⋅
⋅
A
(
x
k
)
A(x_1),A(x_2)···A(x_k)
A(x1),A(x2)⋅⋅⋅A(xk)
模板题
做法
显然我们有
O
(
n
2
)
\mathcal O(n^2)
O(n2)的暴力做法
然后这玩意儿其实有个常数很大的
O
(
n
l
o
g
2
n
)
\mathcal O(nlog^2n)
O(nlog2n)做法
我们构造
B
L
(
x
)
=
∏
i
=
1
n
2
(
x
−
x
i
)
B_L(x)=\prod_{i=1}^{\frac n2}(x-x_i)
BL(x)=i=1∏2n(x−xi)
B
R
(
x
)
=
∏
i
=
n
2
+
1
n
(
x
−
x
i
)
B_R(x)=\prod_{i=\frac n2+1}^n(x-x_i)
BR(x)=i=2n+1∏n(x−xi)
我们发现
对于
x
i
(
i
∈
[
1
,
n
2
]
)
x_i(i\in[1,\frac n2])
xi(i∈[1,2n]),显然
B
L
(
x
i
)
=
0
B_L(x_i)=0
BL(xi)=0
对于
x
i
(
i
∈
[
n
2
,
n
]
)
x_i(i\in[\frac n2,n])
xi(i∈[2n,n]),显然
B
R
(
x
i
)
=
0
B_R(x_i)=0
BR(xi)=0
我们发现这样的话
对于
x
i
(
i
∈
[
1
,
n
2
]
)
x_i(i\in[1,\frac n2])
xi(i∈[1,2n]),
A
(
x
i
)
=
(
A
m
o
d
  
B
L
)
(
x
i
)
A(x_i)=(A\mod B_L)(x_i)
A(xi)=(AmodBL)(xi)
对于
x
i
(
i
∈
[
n
2
,
n
]
)
x_i(i\in[\frac n2,n])
xi(i∈[2n,n]),
A
(
x
i
)
=
(
A
m
o
d
  
B
R
)
(
x
i
)
A(x_i)=(A\mod B_R)(x_i)
A(xi)=(AmodBR)(xi)
我们发现
B
(
x
)
B(x)
B(x)的多项式长度仅有
A
(
x
)
A(x)
A(x)的一半,所以这样最多递归
O
(
l
o
g
n
)
\mathcal O(logn)
O(logn)次,由于还要使用多项式取模,所以这里的总复杂度为
O
(
n
l
o
g
2
n
)
\mathcal O(nlog^2n)
O(nlog2n)
我们可以通过分治套
N
T
T
NTT
NTT预处理出所有的
B
(
x
)
B(x)
B(x),复杂度为
O
(
n
l
o
g
2
n
)
\mathcal O(nlog^2n)
O(nlog2n)
这样的话,总复杂度就是
O
(
n
l
o
g
2
n
)
\mathcal O(nlog^2n)
O(nlog2n)的
代码
用封装的板子写异常简单
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<vector>
namespace fast_IO
{
const int IN_LEN=10000000,OUT_LEN=10000000;
char ibuf[IN_LEN],obuf[OUT_LEN],*ih=ibuf+IN_LEN,*oh=obuf,*lastin=ibuf+IN_LEN,*lastout=obuf+OUT_LEN-1;
inline char getchar_(){return (ih==lastin)&&(lastin=(ih=ibuf)+fread(ibuf,1,IN_LEN,stdin),ih==lastin)?EOF:*ih++;}
inline void putchar_(const char x){if(oh==lastout)fwrite(obuf,1,oh-obuf,stdout),oh=obuf;*oh++=x;}
inline void flush(){fwrite(obuf,1,oh-obuf,stdout);}
}
using namespace fast_IO;
#define getchar() getchar_()
#define putchar(x) putchar_((x))
typedef long long ll;
#define rg register
template <typename T> inline T max(const T a,const T b){return a>b?a:b;}
template <typename T> inline T min(const T a,const T b){return a<b?a:b;}
template <typename T> inline T mind(T&a,const T b){a=a<b?a:b;}
template <typename T> inline T maxd(T&a,const T b){a=a>b?a:b;}
template <typename T> inline T abs(const T a){return a>0?a:-a;}
template <typename T> inline void swap(T&a,T&b){T c=a;a=b;b=c;}
template <typename T> inline void swap(T*a,T*b){T c=a;a=b;b=c;}
template <typename T> inline T gcd(const T a,const T b){if(!b)return a;return gcd(b,a%b);}
template <typename T> inline T square(const T x){return x*x;};
template <typename T> inline void read(T&x)
{
char cu=getchar();x=0;bool fla=0;
while(!isdigit(cu)){if(cu=='-')fla=1;cu=getchar();}
while(isdigit(cu))x=x*10+cu-'0',cu=getchar();
if(fla)x=-x;
}
template <typename T> void printe(const T x)
{
if(x>=10)printe(x/10);
putchar(x%10+'0');
}
template <typename T> inline void print(const T x)
{
if(x<0)putchar('-'),printe(-x);
else printe(x);
}
const int maxn=2097152,mod=998244353;
inline int Md(const int x){return x>=mod?x-mod:x;}
template<typename T>
inline int pow(int x,T y)
{
rg int res=1;x%=mod;
for(;y;y>>=1,x=(ll)x*x%mod)if(y&1)res=(ll)res*x%mod;
return res;
}
namespace Poly///namespace of Poly
{
int W_[maxn],ha[maxn],hb[maxn],Inv[maxn];
inline void init(const int x)
{
rg int tim=0,lenth=1;
while(lenth<x)lenth<<=1,tim++;
for(rg int i=1;i<lenth;i<<=1)
{
const int WW=pow(3,(mod-1)/(i*2));
W_[i]=1;
for(rg int j=i+1,k=i<<1;j<k;j++)W_[j]=(ll)W_[j-1]*WW%mod;
}
Inv[0]=Inv[1]=1;
for(rg int i=2;i<x;i++)Inv[i]=(ll)(mod-mod/i)*Inv[mod%i]%mod;
}
int L;
inline void DFT(int*A)//prepare:init L
{
for(rg int i=0,j=0;i<L;i++)
{
if(i>j)swap(A[i],A[j]);
for(rg int k=L>>1;(j^=k)<k;k>>=1);
}
for(rg int i=1;i<L;i<<=1)
for(rg int j=0,J=i<<1;j<L;j+=J)
for(rg int k=0;k<i;k++)
{
const int x=A[j+k],y=(ll)A[j+k+i]*W_[i+k]%mod;
A[j+k]=Md(x+y),A[j+k+i]=Md(mod+x-y);
}
}
void IDFT(int*A)
{
for(rg int i=1;i<L-i;i++)swap(A[i],A[L-i]);
DFT(A);
}
inline int Quadratic_residue(const int a)
{
if(a==0)return 0;
int b=(rand()<<14^rand())%mod;
while(pow(b,(mod-1)>>1)!=mod-1)b=(rand()<<14^rand())%mod;
int s=mod-1,t=0,x,inv=pow(a,mod-2),f=1;
while(!(s&1))s>>=1,t++,f<<=1;
t--,x=pow(a,(s+1)>>1),f>>=1;
while(t)
{
f>>=1;
if(pow((int)((ll)inv*x%mod*x%mod),f)!=1)x=(ll)x*pow(b,s)%mod;
t--,s<<=1;
}
return min(x,mod-x);
}
struct poly
{
std::vector<int>A;
poly(){A.resize(0);}
poly(const int x){A.resize(1),A[0]=x;}
inline int&operator[](const int x){return A[x];}
inline int operator[](const int x)const{return A[x];}
inline void clear(){A.clear();}
inline unsigned int size()const{return A.size();}
inline void resize(const unsigned int x){A.resize(x);}
void RE(const int x)
{
A.resize(x);
for(rg int i=0;i<x;i++)A[i]=0;
}
void readin(const int MAX)
{
A.resize(MAX);
for(rg int i=0;i<MAX;i++)read(A[i]);
}
void putout()const
{
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<A.size();i++)print(A[i]),putchar(' ');
}
inline poly operator +(const poly b)const
{
poly RES;
RES.resize(max(size(),b.size()));
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<RES.size();i++)RES[i]=Md((i<size()?A[i]:0)+(i<b.size()?b[i]:0));
return RES;
}
inline poly operator -(const poly b)const
{
poly RES;
RES.resize(max(size(),b.size()));
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<RES.size();i++)RES[i]=Md((i<size()?A[i]:0)+mod-(i<b.size()?b[i]:0));
return RES;
}
inline poly operator *(const int b)const
{
poly RES=*this;
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<RES.size();i++)RES[i]=(ll)RES[i]*b%mod;
return RES;
}
inline poly operator /(const int b)const
{
poly RES=(*this)*pow(b,mod-2);
return RES;
}
inline poly operator *(const poly b)const
{
const int RES=A.size()+b.size()-1;
L=1;while(L<RES)L<<=1;
poly c;c.A.resize(RES);
memset(ha,0,sizeof(int)*L);
memset(hb,0,sizeof(int)*L);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<A.size();i++)ha[i]=A[i];
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<b.A.size();i++)hb[i]=b.A[i];
DFT(ha),DFT(hb);
for(rg int i=0;i<L;i++)ha[i]=(ll)ha[i]*hb[i]%mod;
IDFT(ha);
const int inv=pow(L,mod-2);
for(rg int i=0;i<RES;i++)c.A[i]=(ll)ha[i]*inv%mod;
return c;
}
inline poly inv()const
{
poly C;
if(A.size()==1){C=*this;C[0]=pow(C[0],mod-2);return C;}
C.resize((A.size()+1)>>1);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<C.size();i++)C[i]=A[i];
C=C.inv();
L=1;while(L<(int)size()*2-1)L<<=1;
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<A.size();i++)ha[i]=A[i];
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<C.size();i++)hb[i]=C[i];
memset(ha+A.size(),0,sizeof(int)*(L-A.size()));
memset(hb+C.size(),0,sizeof(int)*(L-C.size()));
DFT(ha),DFT(hb);
for(rg int i=0;i<L;i++)ha[i]=(ll)(2-(ll)hb[i]*ha[i]%mod+mod)*hb[i]%mod;
IDFT(ha);
const int inv=pow(L,mod-2);
C.resize(size());
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<size();i++)C[i]=(ll)ha[i]*inv%mod;
return C;
}
/* inline poly inv()const
{
poly C;
if(A.size()==1){C=*this;C[0]=pow(C[0],mod-2);return C;}
C.resize((A.size()+1)>>1);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<C.size();i++)C[i]=A[i];
C=C.inv();
poly D=(poly)2-*this*C;
D.resize(size());
D=D*C;
D.resize(size());
return D;
}*///大常数版本
inline void Reverse(const int n)
{
A.resize(n);
for(rg int i=0,j=n-1;i<j;i++,j--)swap(A[i],A[j]);
}
inline poly operator /(const poly B)const
{
if(size()<B.size())return 0;
poly a=*this,b=B;a.Reverse(size()),b.Reverse(B.size());
b.resize(size()-B.size()+1);
b=b.inv();
b=b*a;
b.Reverse(size()-B.size()+1);
return b;
}
inline poly operator %(const poly B)const
{
poly C=(*this)-(*this)/B*B;C.resize(B.size()-1);
return C;
}
inline poly diff()const
{
poly C;C.resize(size()-1);
for(rg unsigned int i=1;i<size();i++)C[i-1]=(ll)A[i]*i%mod;
return C;
}
inline poly inte()const
{
poly C;C.resize(size()+1);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<size();i++)C[i+1]=(ll)A[i]*Inv[i+1]%mod;
C[0]=0;
return C;
}
inline poly ln()const
{
poly C=(diff()*inv()).inte();C.resize(size());
return C;
}
inline poly exp()const
{
poly C;
if(size()==1){C=*this;C[0]=1;return C;}
C.resize((size()+1)>>1);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<C.size();i++)C[i]=A[i];
C=C.exp();C.resize(size());
poly D=(poly)1-C.ln()+*this;
D=D*C;
D.resize(size());
return D;
}
inline poly sqrt()const
{
poly C;
if(size()==1)
{
C=*this;C[0]=Quadratic_residue(C[0]);
return C;
}
C.resize((size()+1)>>1);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<C.size();i++)C[i]=A[i];
C=C.sqrt();C.resize(size());
C=(C+*this*C.inv())*(int)499122177;
C.resize(size());
return C;
}
inline poly operator >>(const unsigned int x)const
{
poly C;if(size()<x){C.resize(0);return C;}
C.resize(size()-x);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<C.size();i++)C[i]=A[i+x];
return C;
}
inline poly operator <<(const unsigned int x)const
{
poly C;C.RE(size()+x);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<size();i++)C[i+x]=A[i];
return C;
}
inline poly Pow(const unsigned int x)const
{
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<size();i++)
if(A[i])
{
poly C=((((*this/A[i])>>i).ln()*x).exp()*pow(A[i],x))<<(min(i*x,size()));
C.resize(size());
return C;
}
return *this;
}
inline void cheng(const poly&B)
{
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<size();i++)A[i]=(ll)A[i]*B[i]%mod;
}
inline void jia(const poly&B)
{
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<size();i++)A[i]=Md(A[i]+B[i]);
}
inline void dft()
{
memset(ha,0,sizeof(int)*L);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<A.size();i++)ha[i]=A[i];
DFT(ha);
resize(L);
for(rg int i=0;i<L;i++)A[i]=ha[i];
}
inline void idft()
{
memset(ha,0,sizeof(int)*L);
for(rg unsigned int i=0;i<A.size();i++)ha[i]=A[i];
IDFT(ha);
const int inv=pow(L,mod-2);
for(rg int i=0;i<L;i++)A[i]=(ll)ha[i]*inv%mod;
while(size()&&!A[size()-1])A.pop_back();
}
};
void fz(const int root,const int l,const int r,std::vector<int>&v,std::vector<poly>&A)
{
if(l==r)
{
A[root].resize(2);
A[root][0]=(mod-v[l])%mod;
A[root][1]=1;
return;
}
const int mid=(l+r)>>1;
fz(root<<1,l,mid,v,A),fz(root<<1|1,mid+1,r,v,A);
A[root]=A[root<<1]*A[root<<1|1];
}
void calc(const int root,const int l,const int r,std::vector<int>&v,std::vector<poly>&A,std::vector<poly>&B)
{
if(l==r)
{
v[l]=B[root][0];
return;
}
const int mid=(l+r)>>1;
B[root<<1]=B[root]%A[root<<1];
B[root<<1|1]=B[root]%A[root<<1|1];
calc(root<<1,l,mid,v,A,B),calc(root<<1|1,mid+1,r,v,A,B);
}
void multi_point_evaluation(const poly a,std::vector<int>&v)
{
std::vector<poly>A,B;A.resize(maxn),B.resize(maxn);
fz(1,0,v.size()-1,v,A);
B[1]=a%A[1];
calc(1,0,v.size()-1,v,A,B);
}
}///namespace of Poly
Poly::poly a;std::vector<int>ans;
int n,m;
int main()
{
Poly::init(maxn);///namespace of Poly
read(n),read(m);
a.readin(n+1);
ans.resize(m);
for(rg int i=0;i<m;i++)read(ans[i]);
multi_point_evaluation(a,ans);
for(rg int i=0;i<m;i++)print(ans[i]),putchar('\n');
return flush(),0;
}
总结
写起来不是很方便常数又大的算法