通讯管理系统
1、系统需求
通讯录是一个可以记录亲人、好友信息的工具。
本教程主要利用C++来实现一个通讯录管理系统
系统中需要实现的功能如下：
- 添加联系人：向通讯录中添加新人，信息包括（姓名、性别、年龄、联系电话、家庭住址）最多记录1000人
- 显示联系人：显示通讯录中所有联系人信息
- 删除联系人：按照姓名进行删除指定联系人
- 查找联系人：按照姓名查看指定联系人信息
- 修改联系人：按照姓名重新修改指定联系人
- 清空联系人：清空通讯录中所有信息
- 退出通讯录：退出当前使用的通讯录
2功能及其实现
1.输出菜单功能
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
//菜单界面
void showMenu()
{
cout << "***************************" << endl;
cout << "***** 1、添加联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 2、显示联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 3、删除联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 4、查找联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 5、修改联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 6、清空联系人 *****" << endl;
cout << "***** 0、退出通讯录 *****" << endl;
cout << "***************************" << endl;
}
int main() {
showMenu();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2.退出功能
先输出菜单，对利用循环体，只有输入“0”时退出，可重复选择各种功能
在头文件下方添加一个宏定义一个全局变量并赋值为1000来定义通讯录上限，方便后期修改通讯录上限。
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#define MAX 1000//宏定义一个数1000
using namespace std;
退出功能：先输出菜单，对利用循环体，只有输入“0”时退出，可重复选择各种功能。
int main()
{
showMenu();//输出菜单
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
if (select == 0)
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
else
{
while (select<=MAX)
{
if (select == 0)
{
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
break;
}
}
3.将菜单功能封装
利用switch函数来选择功能每一次使用完功能都输出菜单
菜单函数顾名思义就是调用下面的功能函数。
//菜单函数
void Menu(int select, Addressbooks* abs)
{
t
switch (select)
{
case 1://添加联系人
addPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 2://显示联系人
showPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 3://删除联系人
delPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 4://查找联系人
findPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 5://修改联系人
modifyPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 6://清空联系人
cleamPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
}
}
4.定义联系人结构体
创建一个联系人结构体，结构体里面包含联系人的姓名，性别，年龄，电话，住址的信息。
在定义一个通讯录结构体，内嵌一个联系人结构体的数组，容量为"MAX",和人数的变量“Size”
//创建联系人结构体
struct Person
{
string Name;//姓名
int Sex = 0;//性别
int Age = 0;//年龄
string Phone;//电话
string Addr;//住址
};
//通讯录结构体声明
struct Addressbooks
{
struct Person personArray[MAX];
int Size=0;//初始化，不进行初始化编译器报了警告
};
5.添加联系人功能
定义一个结构体变量“abs”，Addressbooks abs；并对其进行初始化
并将参数"abs",和选择的功能传递给菜单函数
int main()
{
Addressbooks abs;//创建通讯录
abs.Size = 0;//通讯录初始化
showMenu();//输出菜单
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
if (select == 0)
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
else
{
while (select<=6)
{
if (select == 0)
{
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
break;
}
else
{
Menu(select, &abs);//传参
cin >> select;//功能选择
}
}
system("pause");
}
return 0;
}
首先要判断通讯录是否满了，其次才能进行添加,
//添加联系人
void addPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
//判断通讯录是否满了
if (abs->Size == MAX)
{
cout << "通讯录已满，无法添加" << endl;
return;
}
else
{
string name;
cout << "输入姓名" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Name = name;
cout << "输入性别" << endl;
cout << "1 -- 男" << endl;
cout << "2 -- 女" << endl;
int sex = 0;
leable://goto函数返回处；；只能输入1/2
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Sex = sex;
else
{
cout << "输入错误" << endl;
cout << "输入性别" << endl;
cout << "1 -- 男" << endl;
cout << "2 -- 女" << endl;
goto leable;
}
cout << "输入年龄" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Age = age;
cout << "输入电话号" << endl;
string phone = "";
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Phone = phone;
cout << "输入住址" << endl;
string addr = "";
cin >> addr;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Addr = addr;
abs->Size++;
cout << "添加成功"<< endl;
}
}
6.显示所有联系人功能
//显示联系人
void showPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->Size == 0)
{
cout << "当前通讯录为空" << endl;
}
else
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < abs->Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名：" << abs->personArray[i].Name << "\t";
cout << "性别：" << (abs->personArray[i].Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄：" << abs->personArray[i].Age << "\t";
cout << "电话：" << abs->personArray[i].Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址：" << abs->personArray[i].Addr << endl;
}
}
}
7.删除联系人功能
//删除联系人
//判断是否存在查询的人员，存在返回在数组中索引位置，不存在返回-1
int isExist(Addressbooks* abs, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].Name == name)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
//删除指定联系人
void delPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "前请输入要删除的联系人姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int Return=isExist(abs, name);
if (Return != -1)
{
int i;
i= Return;
abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
abs->Size--;
cout << "？？？？" << endl;
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
cout << "？？？？" << endl << endl << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "？？？？" << endl;
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
cout << "？？？？" << endl << endl << endl;
}
}
8.查找联系人功能
void findPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入需要查找的联系人姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int Return = isExist(abs, name);
if(Return!=-1)
cout << Return;
else
{
cout << "？？？？" << endl;
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
cout << "？？？？" << endl << endl << endl;
}
}
9.修改联系人功能
//修改联系人
void modifyPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入需要修改的联系人" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int Return = isExist(abs, name);
if (Return != -1)
{
string name;
cout << "输入姓名" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Name = name;
cout << "输入性别" << endl;
cout << "1 -- 男" << endl;
cout << "2 -- 女" << endl;
int sex = 0;
cin >> sex;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Sex = sex;
cout << "输入年龄" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Age = age;
cout << "输入电话号" << endl;
string phone = "";
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Phone = phone;
cout << "输入住址" << endl;
string addr = "";
cin >> addr;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Addr = addr;
abs->Size=Return;
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
}
else
{
showMenu();//输出菜单
cout << "查无此人" <<endl;
cout << "请从新选择菜单" << endl;
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
Menu(select, abs);
}
10.清空联系人功能
//清空联系人
void cleamPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "！！！！！！！！！！！" << endl;
cout << "您确定要清空通讯录吗？" << endl;
cout << "！！！！！！！！！！！" << endl;
cout << "清空请输入“1”，返回请输入“0”" << endl;
int i = 0;
cin >> i;
if (i == 1)
abs->Size = 0;
}
附录：完整代码
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#define MAX 1000
using namespace std;
//输出菜单功能
void showMenu()
{
cout << "**************************\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 1、添加联系人 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 2、显示联系人 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 3、删除联系人 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 4、查找联系人 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 5、修改联系人 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 6、清空联系人 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**** 0、退出通讯录 *****\n" << endl;
cout << "**************************\n" << endl;
cout << "*******请输入相应数字*****"<<endl;
}
//创建联系人结构体
struct Person
{
string Name;//姓名
int Sex = 0;//性别
int Age = 0;//年龄
string Phone;//电话
string Addr;//住址
};
//通讯录结构体声明
struct Addressbooks
{
struct Person personArray[MAX];
int Size=0;
};
//添加联系人
void addPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
//判断通讯录是否满了
if (abs->Size == MAX)
{
cout << "通讯录已满，无法添加" << endl;
return;
}
else
{
string name;
cout << "输入姓名" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Name = name;
cout << "输入性别" << endl;
cout << "1 -- 男" << endl;
cout << "2 -- 女" << endl;
int sex = 0;
leable:
cin >> sex;
if (sex == 1 || sex == 2)
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Sex = sex;
else
{
cout << "输入错误" << endl;
cout << "输入性别" << endl;
cout << "1 -- 男" << endl;
cout << "2 -- 女" << endl;
goto leable;
}
cout << "输入年龄" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Age = age;
cout << "输入电话号" << endl;
string phone = "";
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Phone = phone;
cout << "输入住址" << endl;
string addr = "";
cin >> addr;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Addr = addr;
abs->Size++;
cout << "添加成功"<< endl;
}
}
//显示联系人
void showPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
if (abs->Size == 0)
{
cout << "当前通讯录为空" << endl;
}
else
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < abs->Size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名：" << abs->personArray[i].Name << "\t";
cout << "性别：" << (abs->personArray[i].Sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";
cout << "年龄：" << abs->personArray[i].Age << "\t";
cout << "电话：" << abs->personArray[i].Phone << "\t";
cout << "住址：" << abs->personArray[i].Addr << endl;
}
}
}
//删除联系人
//判断是否存在查询的人员，存在返回在数组中索引位置，不存在返回-1
int isExist(Addressbooks* abs, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < abs->Size; i++)
{
if (abs->personArray[i].Name == name)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
//删除指定联系人
void delPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "前请输入要删除的联系人姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int Return=isExist(abs, name);
if (Return != -1)
{
int i;
i= Return;
abs->personArray[i] = abs->personArray[i + 1];
abs->Size--;
cout << "？？？？" << endl;
cout << "删除成功" << endl;
cout << "？？？？" << endl << endl << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "？？？？" << endl;
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
cout << "？？？？" << endl << endl << endl;
}
}
//修改联系人 函数声明
void modifyPerson(Addressbooks* abs);
//查找联系人
void findPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入需要查找的联系人姓名" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int Return = isExist(abs, name);
if(Return!=-1)
cout << Return;
else
{
cout << "？？？？" << endl;
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
cout << "？？？？" << endl << endl << endl;
}
}
//清空联系人 函数声明
void cleamPerson(Addressbooks* abs);
//菜单函数
void Menu(int select, Addressbooks* abs)
{
switch (select)
{
case 1://添加联系人
addPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 2://显示联系人
showPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 3://删除联系人
delPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 4://查找联系人
findPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 5://修改联系人
modifyPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
case 6://清空联系人
cleamPerson(abs);
showMenu();//输出菜单
break;
}
}
//主函数
int main()
{
Addressbooks abs;//创建通讯录
abs.Size = 0;//通讯录初始化
showMenu();//输出菜单
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
if (select == 0)
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
else
{
while (select<=6)
{
if (select == 0)
{
cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
break;
}
else
{
Menu(select, &abs);
cin >> select;
}
}
system("pause");
}
return 0;
}
//修改联系人
void modifyPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "请输入需要修改的联系人" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int Return = isExist(abs, name);
if (Return != -1)
{
string name;
cout << "输入姓名" << endl;
cin >> name;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Name = name;
cout << "输入性别" << endl;
cout << "1 -- 男" << endl;
cout << "2 -- 女" << endl;
int sex = 0;
cin >> sex;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Sex = sex;
cout << "输入年龄" << endl;
int age = 0;
cin >> age;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Age = age;
cout << "输入电话号" << endl;
string phone = "";
cin >> phone;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Phone = phone;
cout << "输入住址" << endl;
string addr = "";
cin >> addr;
abs->personArray[abs->Size].Addr = addr;
abs->Size=Return;
cout << "修改成功" << endl;
}
else
{
showMenu();//输出菜单
cout << "查无此人" <<endl;
cout << "请从新选择菜单" << endl;
int select = 0;
cin >> select;
Menu(select, abs);
}
}
//清空联系人
void cleamPerson(Addressbooks* abs)
{
cout << "！！！！！！！！！！！" << endl;
cout << "您确定要清空通讯录吗？" << endl;
cout << "！！！！！！！！！！！" << endl;
cout << "清空请输入“1”，返回请输入“0”" << endl;
int i = 0;
cin >> i;
if (i == 1)
abs->Size = 0;
}
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