Spring Cloud学习之声明式调用-Feign

上一节中，使用了RestTemplate结合Ribbon来消费服务，并进行了负载均衡。本节将使用Feign来远程调度其他服务，Feign使用声明式API接口的风格，将HTTP客户端绑定到它的内部，使HTTP客户端调用过程变的更加简单。

启动一个Server端，端口为：8761，开启两个Client实例，接口分别是：8764和8765。然后新建一个名为eureka-feign-client的Maven工程，pom文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
        <artifactId>eureka-memo</artifactId>
        <version>1.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.hzlitai</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-feign-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>eureka-feign-client</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置文件application.yml代码如下：

spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-feign-client
server:
  port: 8767
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

建立Feign的配置类

package com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.configuration;

import feign.Retryer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import reactor.retry.Retry;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
    @Bean
    public Retryer feignRetrayer(){
        return new Retryer.Default(100, TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(1),5 );
    }
}

建立EurekaFeignClient接口调用远程服务，代码如下：

package com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.service;

import com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.configuration.FeignConfig;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

//value值为服务名称
@FeignClient(value = "eureka-client",configuration = FeignConfig.class)
public interface EurekaFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("/hi")
    String sayHiFromEurekaClient(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
}

建立Service调用接口提供的方法，代码如下：

package com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.service.impl;

import com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.service.EurekaFeignClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class HiService {
    @Autowired
    EurekaFeignClient eurekaFeignClient;
    public String sayHi(String name){
        return eurekaFeignClient.sayHiFromEurekaClient(name);
    }
}

建立Controller，调用Service函数，代码如下：

package com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.controller;

import com.hzlitai.eurekafeignclient.service.impl.HiService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HiConroller {
    @Autowired
    HiService hiService;

    @GetMapping("/sayHi")
    public String sayHi(@RequestParam String name){
        return hiService.sayHi(name);
    }
}

访问http://localhost:8767/sayHi?name=zhuheliang即可。

Feign工作原理介绍

Feign通过包扫描注入FeignClient的bean,程序在启动时，会检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解，如果有该注解，则开始开启包扫描，扫描被@FeignClient注解的接口。

Feign中使用HttpClient和OkHttp

Feign中默认使用HttpURLConnection来实现网络请求，也可以采用引入依赖的方式，使用其他网络请求框架；

配置文件增加配置信息：

feign:
  httpclient:
    enabled: true

引入HttpClient：

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

引入OkHttp:

<dependency>
            <groupId>com.netflix.feign</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-okhttp</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>