apt源，yum源，pip源和conda源的替换

apt源的替换

换源有个大坑是不同ubuntu版本对应的源是不一样的，具体可以对比清华源不同ubuntu版本文件的差别：清华源ubuntu源文件，其中ubuntu14.04对应的是trusty，ubuntu16.04对应的是xenial，ubuntu18.04对应的是bionic，所以下面的阿里云的源对应的是ubuntu18.04和ubuntu16.04

#更改前可以考虑备份 mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
vim /etc/apt/sources.list
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 

当系统中连vim和vi都没有时，可以先安装vim，但是如果安装都有困难时，考虑使用下面的命令

cat > /etc/apt/sources.list<< EOF
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
EOF

如果是写在dockerfile中，使用cat命令都不合理，可以使用echo -e，但是最后要加换行。

RUN echo -e "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse \n\
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse \n" > /etc/apt/sources.list

更换源之后，更新软件的相关信息

apt update #更新软件列表，但是不升级软件包
apt list --upgradable #如果有可以升级的包，用此命令查看具体信息
apt -y upgrade #更新所有软件包
apt upgrade xxx=1.0.0 #更新特定的软件包到指定版本

yum源的替换

#确保安装了wget，否则先安装，yum install -y wget
#或者下载软件安装http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/os/x86_64/Packages/
#备份默认源
sudo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo.bak
#下载阿里源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
sudo wget -nc http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo#如果系统是centos7则下载7，8则下载8
mv Centos-8.repo CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo
#清除当前yum缓存
yum clean all
#生成yum缓存
yum makecache
#更新yum源
yum -y install update

conda源的替换

在home目录下新建隐藏文件.condarc，在.condarc中填写

channels:
  - defaults
show_channel_urls: true
channel_alias: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud

conda相关命令的学习

conda create -n pytorch    #创建名为pytorch的虚拟环境
conda create -n pytorch python=3.7   #创建名为pytorch的虚拟环境，并指定python的版本
conda env export > environment.yaml #导出当前环境配置信息
#第一行name是env的名称，第二行channels是下载源，第三行是包名称和版本，最后一个prefix是
conda env create -f environment.yaml #从文件中创建虚拟环境
conda activate pytorch    #激活pytorch虚拟环境
conda deactivate    #从当前虚拟环境中退出
conda info -e    #显示所有当前的虚拟环境
conda list    #显示当前虚拟环境的安装包
conda remove --name pytorch --all    #删除pytorch虚拟环境
conda install numpy    #安装numpy

pip源的替换

在创建文件夹~/.pip，vim ~/.pip/pip.conf

[global]
timeout = 6000
# index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
# index-url = https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

使用pip config list查看pip config

#也可以使用如下命令设置全局的下载，此配置会被写入/etc/pip.conf中
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
#如果不想写入全局，还有user和site两个级别，分别写入到~/.pip/pip.conf和$VIRTUAL_ENV/pip.conf
#即分别在用户和虚拟环境中生效