shell基础编程

Introduction

Shell编程从入门到放弃学习笔记。

Materials

• Shell Style Guide

Variable

• $i

• $*

• $#

• $?

• Array

  A=(test1 test2 test3)
  echo ${A[0]}
  echo ${A[@]}
  echo ${#A[@]}
  
  ${A[@]/test2/test5}
  
  unset A[2]
  

Syntax

• if

  if expression1; then
  	statement1
  elif expression2; then
  	statement2
  else
  	statement3
  fi
  

• for

  for var in iterobj
  do
  	statement
  done
  
  for ((i=1; i<=10; i++))
  do
  	statement
  done
  

• while

  while condition_statement
  do
  	statement
  done
  

• until

  until condtion_statement
  do
  	statement
  done
  

• case select

  
  	
  PS3="...?"
  select i in CenOS RedHat Ubuntu
  do
  	#statement
  	case $arg in 
  	pattern1)
  	statement1
  	;;
  	pattern2)
  	statement2
  	;;
  	*)
  	statement3
  	;;
  done
  

• function

  function command()
  {
  	statements;	
  }
  
  command
  

• awk

  cat test.txt |awk '{print $i}'
  cat test.txt |awk '{print $NF}'
  
  cat test.txt |awk -F: {print $i}
  
  df -h|grep "/"|awk '{print $5}'|sed 's/%//g'
  

• grep

  grep -v "^$" test.txt
  
  grep "^10" test.txt
  grep "11$" test.txt
  
  grep [-E] "([0-9]{1, 3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
  
  egrep "11|wuguangke" test.txt
  

• sed

  sed [-i] 's/192.10/192.168/g' test.txt
  sed 's/^/& /g' test.txt
  
  sed '/wuguangke/a test007' test.txt
  sed '/wuguangke/i test007' test.txt
  
  sed -n '/wuguangke/p' test.txt
  sed -n '1,5p' test.txt
  sed -n '1p;$p' test.txt
  

• find

  find / -name "test.txt"
  find . -name "test.txt"
  find . -maxdepth 1 -name "test.txt"
  
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt"
  
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -mtime +30
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -mtime -1
  
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -mtime -5 -exec rm -rf {} \;
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -mtime -5 -exec cp {} /tmp/ \;
  find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.txt" -mtime -5 |xargs rm -rf {} \;
  
  find . -size +20M
  find . -maxdepth 1 -size +20M -type f
  find . -maxdepth 1 -size +20M -type f -exec mv {} /tmp/ \; 
  

Examples

• get current directory

  CUR_DIR=$(cd $(dirname $0) && pwd)
  echo $CUR_DIR