Stack用法案例——括号检查

栈可以用来检查表达式中的括号是否匹配

/* 
 * File:   BracketsChecker.cpp
 * Author: zhxue
 * 
 * Created on June 13, 2013, 10:43 PM
 */


#include "BracketsChecker.h"


BracketsChecker::BracketsChecker() {
}


BracketsChecker::BracketsChecker(const BracketsChecker& orig) {
}


BracketsChecker::~BracketsChecker() {
}


std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > BracketsChecker::check( std::string& input_expression ){
   /**/ 
    std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >* return_value = new std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> > ();
    std::stack<std::string> left_brackets_stack;


    int position = 0;
    
    for ( std::string::iterator it = input_expression.begin(); it != input_expression.end(); ++it){
        position++;
       
        //std::basic_string
        if (*it == '(') {
            left_brackets_stack.push(BracketsChecker::myitoa(position));
        }else if(*it==')'){
            try {
                if (left_brackets_stack.empty()) {
                    throw "nomatched_left_brackets";
                }
                std::string pair_left = left_brackets_stack.top();
                left_brackets_stack.pop();
                std::pair<std::string, std::string> pair(pair_left, myitoa(position));
                return_value->push_back(pair);
            }catch(const char* empty_exception){
                std::string str_empty_exception(empty_exception);
                std::pair<std::string, std::string> pair(str_empty_exception,BracketsChecker::myitoa(position));
                return_value->push_back(pair);
            }  
        }
    }
    //check the remaining elements in the stack.
    while(!left_brackets_stack.empty()){
        std::pair<std::string, std::string> pair(left_brackets_stack.top(),"nomatched_right_brackets");
        return_value->push_back(pair);
        left_brackets_stack.pop();
        
    }
     
     return *return_value;
}


/*
 * int to string fun
 * try const;try static_cast
 * 
 */


std::string BracketsChecker::myitoa( int i){
    std::stringstream strstream ;
    std::string return_value;
    strstream << i;
    strstream >> return_value;
    return return_value;
     
}




int main(int argc, char** argv) {


    BracketsChecker* checker = new BracketsChecker();
    std::string input_expression = ")((a+b)-1+(ad+5)";
    std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >  vector;
    
    vector = checker->check(input_expression);
    for (std::vector< std::pair<std::string,std::string> >::iterator it = vector.begin(); it != vector.end(); ++it){
        std::cout << (*it).first <<" " <<(*it).second << std::endl;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

程序运行结果：

nomatched_left_brackets 1
3 7
11 16
2 nomatched_right_brackets

编译时抛出如下错误

stack/BracketsChecker.cpp: In member function ‘std::vector<std::pair<std::basic_string<char>, std::basic_string<char> > > BracketsChecker::check(const string&)’:
stack/BracketsChecker.cpp:26:61: error: conversion from ‘std::basic_string<char>::const_iterator {aka __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const char*, std::basic_string<char> >}’ to non-scalar type ‘std::basic_string<char>::iterator {aka __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::basic_string<char> >}’ requested
make[2]: *** [build/Debug/GNU-Linux-x86/stack/BracketsChecker.o] Error 1

解决办法：函数的输入参数“( std::string& input_expression”不能为const。