使用SSH公钥配置Linux免密登录

使用SSH公钥配置Linux免密登录

我们平时都会使用ssh进行远程登录 ssh username@ip，然后输入密码既可以登录成功。但是每次ssh登录，scp远程复制等，都输入密码却相当麻烦。为了解决这个问题，我们可以使用ssh的公钥，配置免密登录。配置过程主要包括以下几步：

• step 1 使用ssh-keygen 创建公钥

ssh-keygen -t rsa 

按回车以后可以得到类似以下输出：

Output
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/demo/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
4a:dd:0a:c6:35:4e:3f:ed:27:38:8c:74:44:4d:93:67 demo@a
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|          .oo.   |
|         .  o.E  |
|        + .  o   |
|     . = = .     |
|      = S = .    |
|     o + = +     |
|      . o + o .  |
|           . o   |
|                 |
+-----------------+

• step 2 将上述产生的公钥复制到目标服务器上

ssh-copy-id username@ip

或者使用scp 复制到远程服务器.ssh/authorized_keys 下

scp id_rsa.pub username@ip:/home/username
cat id_rsa.pub >>.ssh/authorized_keys

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh demo@198.51.100.0 "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && cat >>  ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

以上步骤就已经完成配置。