决策树算法(四)

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-07 00:28:39 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-03-07 00:28:39 发布
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人工智能AI：Keras PyTorch MXNet TensorFlow PaddlePaddle 深度学习实战（不定时更新）

决策树算法(一)

决策树算法(二)

决策树算法(三)

决策树算法(四)

In [1]:

# 1.获取数据
# 2.数据基本处理
# 2.1 确定特征值,目标值
# 2.2 缺失值处理
# 2.3 数据集划分
# 3.特征工程(字典特征抽取)
# 4.机器学习(随机森林)
# 5.模型评估

In [20]:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, GridSearchCV
from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer
# from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier, export_graphviz
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier

In [4]:

# 1.获取数据
titan = pd.read_csv("http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/wiki/pub/Main/DataSets/titanic.txt")

In [5]:

titan

Out[5]:

row.namespclasssurvivednameageembarkedhome.destroomticketboatsex
011st1Allen, Miss Elisabeth Walton29.0000SouthamptonSt Louis, MOB-524160 L2212female
121st0Allison, Miss Helen Loraine2.0000SouthamptonMontreal, PQ / Chesterville, ONC26NaNNaNfemale
231st0Allison, Mr Hudson Joshua Creighton30.0000SouthamptonMontreal, PQ / Chesterville, ONC26NaN(135)male
341st0Allison, Mrs Hudson J.C. (Bessie Waldo Daniels)25.0000SouthamptonMontreal, PQ / Chesterville, ONC26NaNNaNfemale
451st1Allison, Master Hudson Trevor0.9167SouthamptonMontreal, PQ / Chesterville, ONC22NaN11male
561st1Anderson, Mr Harry47.0000SouthamptonNew York, NYE-12NaN3male
671st1Andrews, Miss Kornelia Theodosia63.0000SouthamptonHudson, NYD-713502 L7710female
781st0Andrews, Mr Thomas, jr39.0000SouthamptonBelfast, NIA-36NaNNaNmale
891st1Appleton, Mrs Edward Dale (Charlotte Lamson)58.0000SouthamptonBayside, Queens, NYC-101NaN2female
9101st0Artagaveytia, Mr Ramon71.0000CherbourgMontevideo, UruguayNaNNaN(22)male
10111st0Astor, Colonel John Jacob47.0000CherbourgNew York, NYNaN17754 L224 10s 6d(124)male
11121st1Astor, Mrs John Jacob (Madeleine Talmadge Force)19.0000CherbourgNew York, NYNaN17754 L224 10s 6d4female
12131st1Aubert, Mrs Leontine PaulineNaNCherbourgParis, FranceB-3517477 L69 6s9female
13141st1Barkworth, Mr Algernon H.NaNSouthamptonHessle, YorksA-23NaNBmale
14151st0Baumann, Mr John D.NaNSouthamptonNew York, NYNaNNaNNaNmale
15161st1Baxter, Mrs James (Helene DeLaudeniere Chaput)50.0000CherbourgMontreal, PQB-58/60NaN6female
16171st0Baxter, Mr Quigg Edmond24.0000CherbourgMontreal, PQB-58/60NaNNaNmale
17181st0Beattie, Mr Thomson36.0000CherbourgWinnipeg, MNC-6NaNNaNmale
18191st1Beckwith, Mr Richard Leonard37.0000SouthamptonNew York, NYD-35NaN5male
19201st1Beckwith, Mrs Richard Leonard (Sallie Monypeny)47.0000SouthamptonNew York, NYD-35NaN5female
20211st1Behr, Mr Karl Howell26.0000CherbourgNew York, NYC-148NaN5male
21221st0Birnbaum, Mr Jakob25.0000CherbourgSan Francisco, CANaNNaN(148)male
22231st1Bishop, Mr Dickinson H.25.0000CherbourgDowagiac, MIB-49NaN7male
23241st1Bishop, Mrs Dickinson H. (Helen Walton)19.0000CherbourgDowagiac, MIB-49NaN7female
24251st1Bjornstrm-Steffansson, Mr Mauritz Hakan28.0000SouthamptonStockholm, Sweden / Washington, DCNaNDmale
25261st0Blackwell, Mr Stephen Weart45.0000SouthamptonTrenton, NJNaNNaN(241)male
26271st1Blank, Mr Henry39.0000CherbourgGlen Ridge, NJA-31NaN7male
27281st1Bonnell, Miss Caroline30.0000SouthamptonYoungstown, OHC-7NaN8female
28291st1Bonnell, Miss Elizabeth58.0000SouthamptonBirkdale, England Cleveland, OhioC-103NaN8female
29301st0Borebank, Mr John JamesNaNSouthamptonLondon / Winnipeg, MBD-21/2NaNNaNmale
....................................
128312843rd0Vestrom, Miss Hulda Amanda AdolfinaNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNfemale
128412853rd0Vonk, Mr JenkoNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
128512863rd0Ware, Mr FrederickNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
128612873rd0Warren, Mr Charles WilliamNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
128712883rd0Wazli, Mr YousifNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
128812893rd0Webber, Mr JamesNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
128912903rd1Wennerstrom, Mr August EdvardNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129012913rd0Wenzel, Mr LinhartNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129112923rd0Widegren, Mr Charles PeterNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129212933rd0Wiklund, Mr Jacob AlfredNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129312943rd1Wilkes, Mrs EllenNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNfemale
129412953rd0Willer, Mr AaronNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129512963rd0Willey, Mr EdwardNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129612973rd0Williams, Mr Howard HughNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129712983rd0Williams, Mr LeslieNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129812993rd0Windelov, Mr EinarNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
129913003rd0Wirz, Mr AlbertNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130013013rd0Wiseman, Mr PhillippeNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130113023rd0Wittevrongel, Mr CamielNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130213033rd1Yalsevac, Mr IvanNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130313043rd0Yasbeck, Mr AntoniNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130413053rd1Yasbeck, Mrs AntoniNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNfemale
130513063rd0Youssef, Mr GeriosNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130613073rd0Zabour, Miss HileniNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNfemale
130713083rd0Zabour, Miss TaminiNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNfemale
130813093rd0Zakarian, Mr ArtunNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
130913103rd0Zakarian, Mr MapriederNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
131013113rd0Zenn, Mr PhilipNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale
131113123rd0Zievens, ReneNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNfemale
131213133rd0Zimmerman, LeoNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNNaNmale

1313 rows × 11 columns

In [6]:

titan.describe()

Out[6]:

row.namessurvivedage
count1313.0000001313.000000633.000000
mean657.0000000.34196531.194181
std379.1747620.47454914.747525
min1.0000000.0000000.166700
25%329.0000000.00000021.000000
50%657.0000000.00000030.000000
75%985.0000001.00000041.000000
max1313.0000001.00000071.000000

In [7]:

# 2.数据基本处理
# 2.1 确定特征值,目标值
x = titan[["pclass", "age", "sex"]]
y = titan["survived"]

In [8]:

x.head()
Out[8]:

pclassagesex
01st29.0000female
11st2.0000female
21st30.0000male
31st25.0000female
41st0.9167male

In [9]:

y.head()

Out[9]:

0    1
1    0
2    0
3    0
4    1
Name: survived, dtype: int64

In [10]:

# 2.2 缺失值处理

x['age'].fillna(value=titan["age"].mean(), inplace=True)

In [11]:

x.head()

Out[11]:

pclassagesex
01st29.0000female
11st2.0000female
21st30.0000male
31st25.0000female
41st0.9167male

In [12]:

# 2.3 数据集划分
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, random_state=22, test_size=0.2)

In [13]:

# 3.特征工程(字典特征抽取)

In [14]:

x_train.head()

Out[14]:

pclassagesex
6493rd45.000000female
10783rd31.194181male
591st31.194181female
2011st18.000000male
611st31.194181female

In [15]:

x_train = x_train.to_dict(orient="records")
x_test = x_test.to_dict(orient="records")

In [16]:

x_train

Out[16]:

[{'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 45.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 6.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 27.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 4.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 13.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 50.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 22.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 26.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 49.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 62.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 32.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 64.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 23.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 55.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 24.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 6.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 10.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 53.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 36.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 19.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 28.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 17.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 25.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 19.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 26.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 48.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 27.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 46.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 26.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 29.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 35.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 38.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 32.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 16.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 16.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 33.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 17.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 36.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 20.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 33.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 52.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 35.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 25.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 45.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 50.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 52.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 20.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 32.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 34.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 33.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 45.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 43.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 59.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 47.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 38.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 51.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 36.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 23.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 6.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 58.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 4.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 20.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 35.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 12.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 19.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 64.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 27.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 34.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 48.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 50.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'female'},
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 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
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 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 32.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 45.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 26.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 25.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 20.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 36.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 27.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 24.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 56.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 16.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 64.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 46.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 46.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 29.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 33.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 34.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 0.8333, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 58.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 60.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 23.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 44.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 71.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 13.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 58.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 4.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 16.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 33.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 33.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 48.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 28.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 55.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 54.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 71.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 47.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 21.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 24.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 23.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 18.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 54.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 17.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 6.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 45.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 36.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 55.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 26.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 65.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 27.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 22.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 7.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 30.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 39.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 19.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 19.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 20.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 56.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 38.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 23.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 42.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 23.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 25.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 16.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '2nd', 'age': 42.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 2.0, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'female'},
 {'pclass': '3rd', 'age': 31.19418104265403, 'sex': 'male'},
 {'pclass': '1st', 'age': 36.0, 'sex': 'male'},
 ...]

In [17]:

transfer = DictVectorizer()

x_train = transfer.fit_transform(x_train)
x_test = transfer.fit_transform(x_test)

In [18]:

x_test

Out[18]:

<263x6 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.float64'>'
	with 789 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>

In [21]:

# 4.机器学习(随机森林+cv)
estimator = RandomForestClassifier()

param_grid = {"n_estimators": [120,200,300,500,800,1200], "max_depth": [5, 8, 15, 25, 30]}
estimator = GridSearchCV(estimator, param_grid=param_grid, cv=3)

estimator.fit(x_train, y_train)

​Out[21]:
GridSearchCV(cv=3, error_score='raise',
       estimator=RandomForestClassifier(bootstrap=True, class_weight=None, criterion='gini',
            max_depth=None, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None,
            min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None,
            min_samples_leaf=1, min_samples_split=2,
            min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, n_estimators=10, n_jobs=1,
            oob_score=False, random_state=None, verbose=0,
            warm_start=False),
       fit_params=None, iid=True, n_jobs=1,
       param_grid={'n_estimators': [120, 200, 300, 500, 800, 1200], 'max_depth': [5, 8, 15, 25, 30]},
       pre_dispatch='2*n_jobs', refit=True, return_train_score='warn',
       scoring=None, verbose=0)

In [22]:

estimator.score(x_test, y_test)

Out[22]:

0.7908745247148289

In [23]:

estimator.best_estimator_

Out[23]:

RandomForestClassifier(bootstrap=True, class_weight=None, criterion='gini',
            max_depth=5, max_features='auto', max_leaf_nodes=None,
            min_impurity_decrease=0.0, min_impurity_split=None,
            min_samples_leaf=1, min_samples_split=2,
            min_weight_fraction_leaf=0.0, n_estimators=300, n_jobs=1,
            oob_score=False, random_state=None, verbose=0,
            warm_start=False)

4.7 回归决策树

前面已经讲到，关于数据类型，我们主要可以把其分为两类，连续型数据和离散型数据。在面对不同数据时，决策树也可以分为两大类型：

  • 分类决策树和回归决策树。
  • 前者主要用于处理离散型数据，后者主要用于处理连续型数据。

1.原理概述

不管是回归决策树还是分类决策树，都会存在两个核心问题：

  • 如何选择划分点？
  • 如何决定叶节点的输出值？

一个回归树对应着输入空间（即特征空间）的一个划分以及在划分单元上的输出值。分类树中，我们采用信息论中的方法，通过计算选择最佳划分点。

2.算法描述

3.简单实例

为了易于理解，接下来通过一个简单实例加深对回归决策树的理解。

训练数据见下表，目标是得到一棵最小二乘回归树。

x12345678910
y5.565.75.916.46.87.058.98.799.05

同理，得到其他各切分点的子区域输出值，如下表：

s1.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.5
c15.565.635.725.896.076.246.626.887.11
c27.57.737.998.258.548.918.929.039.05

同理，计算得到其他各切分点的损失函数值，可获得下表：

s1.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.5
m(s)15.7212.078.365.783.911.938.0111.7315.74

显然取 s=6.5时，m(s)最小。因此，第一个划分变量【j=x,s=6.5】

（3）调用步骤 (1)、(2)，继续划分：

对R1继续进行划分:

x123456
y5.565.75.916.46.87.05

取切分点[1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5,5.5]，则各区域的输出值c如下表：

s1.52.53.54.55.5
c15.565.635.725.896.07
c26.376.546.756.937.05

计算损失函数值m(s)：

s1.52.53.54.55.5
m(s)1.30870.7540.27710.43681.0644

s=3.5时，m(s)最小。

（4）生成回归树

假设在生成3个区域之后停止划分，那么最终生成的回归树形式如下：

3.2 回归决策树和线性回归对比

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn import linear_model

# 生成数据
x = np.array(list(range(1, 11))).reshape(-1, 1)
y = np.array([5.56, 5.70, 5.91, 6.40, 6.80, 7.05, 8.90, 8.70, 9.00, 9.05])

# 训练模型
model1 = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth=1)
model2 = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth=3)
model3 = linear_model.LinearRegression()
model1.fit(x, y)
model2.fit(x, y)
model3.fit(x, y)

# 模型预测
X_test = np.arange(0.0, 10.0, 0.01).reshape(-1, 1)  # 生成1000个数,用于预测模型
X_test.shape
y_1 = model1.predict(X_test)
y_2 = model2.predict(X_test)
y_3 = model3.predict(X_test)

# 结果可视化
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6), dpi=100)
plt.scatter(x, y, label="data")
plt.plot(X_test, y_1,label="max_depth=1")
plt.plot(X_test, y_2, label="max_depth=3")
plt.plot(X_test, y_3, label='liner regression')

plt.xlabel("data")
plt.ylabel("target")
plt.title("Decision Tree Regression")
plt.legend()

plt.show()

结果展示

4 小结

In [1]:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

In [9]:

# 生成数据
x = np.array(list(range(1, 11))).reshape(-1,1)
y = ([5.56, 5.70, 5.91, 6.40, 6.80, 7.05, 8.90, 8.70, 9.00, 9.05])

In [8]:

x

Out[8]:

array([[ 1],
       [ 2],
       [ 3],
       [ 4],
       [ 5],
       [ 6],
       [ 7],
       [ 8],
       [ 9],
       [10]])

In [10]:

y

Out[10]:

[5.56, 5.7, 5.91, 6.4, 6.8, 7.05, 8.9, 8.7, 9.0, 9.05]

In [11]:

# 模型训练
m1 = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth=1)
m2 = DecisionTreeRegressor(max_depth=3)
m3 = LinearRegression()

m1.fit(x, y)
m2.fit(x, y)
m3.fit(x, y)

Out[11]:

LinearRegression(copy_X=True, fit_intercept=True, n_jobs=None, normalize=False)

In [14]:

# 模型预测
x_test = np.arange(0, 10, 0.01).reshape(-1, 1)

In [15]:

y_1 = m1.predict(x_test)
y_2 = m2.predict(x_test)
y_3 = m3.predict(x_test)

In [18]:

# 结果可视化
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6), dpi=100)

plt.scatter(x, y, label="data")
plt.plot(x_test, y_1, label="max_depth=1")
plt.plot(x_test, y_2, label="max_depth=3")
plt.plot(x_test, y_3, label="linear regression")

plt.xlabel("数据")
plt.ylabel("预测值")
plt.legend()

plt.show()

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决策树算法与KNN分类算法详解 本文将详细介绍决策树算法和KNN分类算法的基本概念、优缺点、应用场景和实现步骤。 一、决策树算法 决策树是一种常用的机器学习算法，用于对实例进行分类。决策树模型是一种树形结构...
决策树算法(Java实现)
01-24
决策树生成算法的Java实现，可能还有一些BUG，没有做仔细校验与测试，完成主要功能。决策树具体详解移步:http://blog.csdn.net/adiaixin123456/article/details/50573849 项目的目录结构分为四个文件夹algorithm，...
【机器学习】决策树
Mr_health的博客
06-30 824
目录 1、简介 2、分类决策树构建 2.1.特征选择 信息熵 信息增益 增益率 基尼指数 2.2.决策树生成 ID3 C4.5 2.3.剪枝 3、回归决策树的构建 一个简单的例子 1、简介 决策树分为分类决策树和回归决策树，前者可用于处理离散型数据，后者可用于处理连续型数据。 分类决策树的代表方法为： ID3算法：以信息增益为准则来生成树 C4.5算法：...
【偷偷卷死小伙伴Pytorch20天】-【day1】-【结构化数据建模流程范例】
厚积而薄发
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系统教程20天拿下Pytorch 最近和中哥、会哥进行一个小打卡活动，20天pytorch，这是第一天。欢迎一键三连。 文章目录一、准备数据 import os import datetime #打印时间 def printbar(): nowtime = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') print("\n"+"=========="*8 + "%s"%nowtime) #mac系统上pytorch和matp.
python分类分析--随机森林原理及案例
Jalen big data analysis的博客
02-24 8220
随机森林 1、什么是集成学习方法 集成学习通过建立几个板型组合的来解决单一预测问题，它的工作原理是生成多个分类器/模型，各独立地学习和作出预测。这些预测最后结合成组合预测，因此优于任何一个单分类的做出预测。决策树过度拟合可以用剪枝或者集成学习方法的随机森林实现。 2、什么是随机森林 在机器学习中，随机森林是一个包含多个决策树的分类器，并且其输出的类别是由多个决策树输出的类别的众数而定。例如，如果...
Kaggle八门神器（一）：竞赛神器之XGBoost介绍
weixin_34221775的博客
05-28 150
Xgboost为一个十分有效的机器学习模型，在各种竞赛中均可以看到它的身影，同时Xgboost在工业届也有着广泛的应用，本文以Titanic数据集为研究对象，简单地探究Xgboost模型建模过程，同时对数据清理以及特征工程的内容作简单的介绍，以此作为Xgboost模型的学习笔记，错误和不足之处还请各位看官指出。 数据集 本文数据集源自于竞赛Titanic: Machine Learning fro...
7天从入门到运用机器学习 (一) -- 数据探索与预处理
thriving_fcl的博客
10-14 4324
前言这个系列主要是面向做工程的同事做一些分享，旨在让大家都可以应用机器学习来解决问题，而不仅仅是看看理论浅尝辄止。机器学习是一门包含多方面知识的学科，想要几天掌握是不太可能的。但是如果把它当做一个工具来使用，不追本溯源，其实不需要花费太多的时间。这一系列分享的目的在于，希望全部完成以后，任何一个会写代码但对机器学习还不了解的同学，都可以上手运用机器学习的工具来完成一些预测任务，如分类或回归。机器学习
泰坦尼克号
thinklittle的博客
08-08 642
数据来源于kaggle 其中，训练集是891×12891\times 12891×12，测试集418×11418\times 11418×11 [外链图片转存失败(img-e7i6IYkb-1565196263873)(attachment:image.png)] 读取数据 import numpy import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as p...
Python基础学习笔记-14.scikit-learn 库
ruoqi23的博客
08-02 595
14.scikit-learn库 scikit-learn库是当今最流行的机器学习算法库之一 可用来解决分类与回归问题 本章以鸢尾花数据集为例，简单了解八大传统机器学习分类算法的sk-learn实现 八大传统分类算法： K近邻：最近的k个邻居 朴素贝叶斯：后验概率最大化 决策树：向着纯净的类别，不断分裂 逻辑回归：特征映射成概率，全体概率之积最大化 支持向量机：最小间隔的最大化 集成方法-随机森林：多次有放回取样，弱分类器组合强分类器 集成方法-Adaboost：根据上轮弱分...
python机器学习实现K-近邻算法（KNN)
LDC，公众号【轻松学编程】
07-25 2132
机器学习 K-近邻算法（KNN) 以下命令都是在浏览器中输入。 cmd命令窗口输入：jupyter notebook 后打开浏览器输入网址http://localhost:8888/ 导引 如何进行电影分类 众所周知，电影可以按照题材分类，然而题材本身是如何定义的?由谁来判定某部电影属于哪 个题材?也就是说同一题材的电影具有哪些公共特征?这些都是在进行电影分类时必须要考虑的...
12.集成学习进阶一——xgboost
小白的博客
03-07 1558
xgboost算法 XGBoost（Extreme Gradient Boosting）全名叫极端梯度提升树，XGBoost是集成学习⽅法的王牌，在Kaggle数据挖掘 ⽐赛中，⼤部分获胜者⽤了XGBoost。 最优模型的构建⽅法 XGBoost的⽬标函数推导 ⽬标函数确定 CART树的介绍 树的复杂度定义 ...
决策树API、泰坦尼克号生存预测案例
qq_39197555的博客
03-31 233
一、决策树API 在sklearn中使用sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion=’gini’, max_depth=None,random_state=None)构建决策树 其中： criterion 特征选择标准 "gini"或者"entropy"，前者代表基尼系数，后者代表信息增益。一默认"gini"，即CART算法。 min_samples_split 内部节点再划分所需最小样本数 这个值限制了子树继续划分的条件，如果某节点
决策树算法实现鸢尾花
最新发布
05-18
以鸢尾花分类为例，我们可以使用决策树算法对鸢尾花进行分类。假设我们有一组已经标记好类别的鸢尾花数据集，其中每个样本都有四个特征：花萼长度、花萼宽度、花瓣长度和花瓣宽度。我们的目标是构建一个决策树来对新...

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