matplotlib学习笔记5.误差bar以及复杂条形图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 不用打imshow也能显示
%matplotlib inline 

误差bar以及复杂条形图

mean_values = [1,2,3]
variance = [0.2,0.4,0.5]
bar_label = ['bar1', 'bar2', 'bar3']

x_pos = list(range(len(bar_label)))
plt.bar(x_pos,mean_values,yerr=variance)
max_y = max(zip(mean_values, variance))
# y轴刻度的大小
plt.ylim([0,(max_y[0]+max_y[1])*1.2])
# x轴的label
plt.xticks(x_pos, bar_label)

([<matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x242ff375b38>,
  <matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x242ff375400>,
  <matplotlib.axis.XTick at 0x242ff3752e8>],
 <a list of 3 Text xticklabel objects>)

• 背靠背画法

x1 = np.array([1,2,3])
x2 = np.array([2,2,3])
bar_labels = ['bar1','bar2','bar3']
# 尺寸
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))
y_pos = np.arange(len(x1))
y_pos = [x for x in y_pos]
plt.barh(y_pos,x1,color='g')
plt.barh(y_pos,-x1,color='r')

<BarContainer object of 3 artists>

• 多个柱子

green_data = [1,2,3]
blue_data = [3,2,2]
red_data = [1,3,3]
labels = ['g1','g2','g3']

pos = list(range(len(green_data)))
width = 0.2
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,6))

# pos其实就是x坐标，width是柱子宽度，所以可以理解了吧
plt.bar(pos,green_data,width,color='g',label=labels[0])
plt.bar([p+width for p in pos],blue_data,width,color='b',label=labels[1])
plt.bar([p+width*2 for p in pos],red_data,width,color='r',label=labels[2])

<BarContainer object of 3 artists>

• 给柱子加上标

green_data = [1,2,3]
blue_data = [3,2,2]
red_data = [1,3,3]
labels = ['g1','g2','g3']

pos = list(range(len(green_data)))
width = 0.2
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8,6))

# pos其实就是x坐标，width是柱子宽度，所以可以理解了吧
plt.bar(pos,green_data,width,color='g',label=labels[0])
plt.bar([p+width for p in pos],blue_data,width,color='b',label=labels[1])
bars = plt.bar([p+width*2 for p in pos],red_data,width,color='r',label=labels[2])

plt.ylim([0,3.5])
# 加上标
for b,d in zip(bars, red_data):
    plt.text(b.get_x()+b.get_width()*0.05, b.get_y()+b.get_height()*1.04,'{0:.2%}'.format(d/min(red_data)))

• 颜色

mean_values = range(10,18)
x_pos = range(len(mean_values))

import matplotlib.colors as col
import matplotlib.cm as cm

camp1 = cm.ScalarMappable(col.Normalize(min(mean_values), max(mean_values),cm.hot))
camp2 = cm.ScalarMappable(col.Normalize(0,20,cm.hot))
                          
plt.subplot(121)
plt.bar(x_pos,mean_values,color=camp1.to_rgba(mean_values))                          

<BarContainer object of 8 artists>

• 柱状图的形状

patterns = ('-','+','x','\\','*','o','0','.')

fig = plt.gca()

mean_values = range(10,18)
x_pos = range(len(mean_values))

bars = plt.bar(x_pos, mean_values)

for bar, pattern in zip(bars, patterns):
    bar.set_hatch(pattern)