外星人入侵 （全部代码）

Alien_Invasion.py

import pygame

from settings import Settings

from airplane import Airplane

from alien import Alien

import game_functions as gf

from pygame.sprite import Group

from game_stats import GameStats

from button import Button

from scoreboard import Scoreboard

 

def run_game():

    pygame.init()

    ai_settings = Settings()

    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height))

    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")

    stats = GameStats(ai_settings)

    sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings,screen,stats)    

 

    airplane = Airplane(ai_settings,screen)

    bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()

    #alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)

    aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()

    gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,aliens)

    play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,'Play')

    while True:

        gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,airplane,aliens,bullets)

 

        if stats.game_active:

            airplane.update()

            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,airplane,bullets,aliens)

            gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb,airplane,aliens,bullets)

 

        gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,airplane,bullets,aliens,play_button,stats,sb)

        

 

        #让最近绘制的屏幕可见

        pygame.display.flip()

 

    

run_game()

 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

game_functions.py

import sys

import pygame

from settings import Settings

from airplane import Airplane

from alien import Alien

from bullet import Bullet

from time import sleep

from scoreboard import Scoreboard

from game_stats import GameStats

 

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,airplane,bullets):

    """响应按键"""

    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

        airplane.moving_right = True

        # airplane.update()

    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

        airplane.moving_left = True

       # airplane.update()

    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:

        fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,bullets)

 

    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:

        sys.exit()

 

 

def check_keyup_events(event,airplane):

    """响应松开"""

    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:

        airplane.moving_right = False

    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:

        airplane.moving_left = False

 

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,bullets):

    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:

        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings,screen,airplane)

        bullets.add(new_bullet)

 

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):

    """计算每行可容纳多少外星人"""

    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)

    

    # 创建一个外星人， 并计算一行可容纳多少个外星人

    

    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x /(2 * alien_width))

    return number_aliens_x 

  

    

 

def get_number_rows(ai_settings, airplane_height, alien_height):

    """计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""

    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -(3 * alien_height) - airplane_height)

    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))

    return number_rows

 

def create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):

    #创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行

    

    alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)

    alien_width = alien.rect.width

    # 外星人间距为外星人宽度

    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number

    alien.rect.x = alien.x

    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number

    aliens.add(alien)

 

def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,aliens):

    """创建外星人群"""

    alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)

    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)

    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,airplane.rect.height, alien.rect.height)

 

     #创建第一行外星人

    for row_number in range(number_rows):

         for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):

             create_alien(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)

             

def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):

    """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""

    for alien in aliens.sprites():

        if alien.check_edges():

            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)

            break

def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):

    """将整群外星人下移， 并改变它们的方向"""

    for alien in aliens.sprites():

        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed

    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

               

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,airplane,aliens,bullets):

    """响应按键和鼠标事件"""

    for event in pygame.event.get():

        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:

            sys.exit()

            

        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:

            check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,airplane,bullets)

            

        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:

            check_keyup_events(event,airplane)

 

        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:

            check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,airplane,aliens,bullets)

 

def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,airplane,aliens,bullets):

    """在玩家单机Play按钮时开始游戏"""

    mouse_x,mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()

    

    button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)

    

    if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:

 

        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()

 

        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)

        

        #重置游戏统计信息

        stats.reset_stats()

        stats.game_active = True

 

        #重置游戏统计信息

        sb.prep_score()

        sb.prep_high_score()

        sb.prep_level()

        sb.prep_airplanes()

        

        #清空外星人列表和子弹列表

        aliens.empty()

        bullets.empty()

 

        # 创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中

        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,aliens)

        airplane.center_airplane()

 

    

 

def airplane_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,airplane,aliens,bullets):

    """响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""

    

    if stats.airplanes_left > 0:

        #将 airplane_left 减1

        stats.airplanes_left -= 1

 

        #更新记分牌

        sb.prep_airplanes()

 

        #清空外星人列表和子弹列表

        aliens.empty()

        bullets.empty()

 

        """创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央"""

        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,aliens)

        airplane.center_airplane()

 

        #暂停

        sleep(0.5)

 

    else:

        stats.game_active = False

        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

 

def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb, airplane, aliens, bullets):

    """检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端"""

    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

 

    for alien in aliens.sprites():

        if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:

            #像飞船被撞到一样进行处理

            airplane_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,airplane,aliens,bullets)

            break

            

def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,airplane,bullets,aliens,play_button,stats,sb):

    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)

    for bullet in bullets.sprites():

        bullet.draw_bullet() 

 

    airplane.blitme()

    aliens.draw(screen)

    sb.show_score()

    if not stats.game_active:

        play_button.draw_button()

 

    #让最近绘制的屏幕可见

    pygame.display.flip()

    

    

 

def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,airplane,bullets,aliens):

    """更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""

    #更新子弹的位置

    bullets.update()

 

    # 删除已消失的子弹

    #检查是否有子弹击中了外星人

    #如果是这样，就删除相应的子弹和外星人

    for bullet in bullets.copy():

        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:

            bullets.remove(bullet)

    check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,airplane,bullets,aliens)       

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,airplane,bullets,aliens):

    """响应子弹和外星人的碰撞"""

    # 删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人

    collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)

 

    if collisions:

        for aliens in collisions.values():

            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)

            sb.prep_score()

        check_high_score(stats,sb)

 

    if len(aliens) == 0:

        # 删除现有的子弹，加快游戏节奏，并创建一群新的外星人

        bullets.empty()

        ai_settings.increase_speed()

 

        #提高等级

        stats.level += 1

        sb.prep_level()

        create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,airplane,aliens)

 

def update_aliens(ai_settings, stats, screen, sb,airplane, aliens, bullets):

 

    """检查是否有外星人到达屏幕边缘,然后更新所有外星人的位置"""

    

    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)

    aliens.update()

 

    # 检测外星人和飞船之间的碰撞

    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(airplane,aliens):

        #print('Airplane hit!')

        airplane_hit(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,airplane,aliens,bullets)

 

    check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, stats, screen,sb,airplane, aliens, bullets)

 

def check_high_score(stats,sb):

    """检查是否诞生了新的最高分"""

    if stats.score > stats.high_score:

        stats.high_score = stats.score

        sb.prep_high_score()

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

airplane.py

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

 

class Airplane():

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):

        """初始化飞机并设置其初始化位置"""

        super(Airplane,self).__init__()

        self.screen = screen

        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

 

        self.image = pygame.image.load('image/airplane.bmp')

        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

 

        self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx

        self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom

        

        # 在飞船的属性center中存储小数值

        self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)

 

        # 移动标志

        self.moving_right = False

        self.moving_left = False

 

    def update(self):

        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""

        #更新飞船的center值，而不是rect

        if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:

            

            self.center += self.ai_settings.airplane_speed_factor

 

        if self.moving_left and self.rect.left>0:

            self.center -= self.ai_settings.airplane_speed_factor

            

        self.rect.centerx = self.center

 

    def blitme(self):

        """指定位置绘制飞船"""

        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

 

    def center_airplane(self):

        """让飞船在屏幕上居中"""

        self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

alien.py

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

 

class Alien(Sprite):

    """表示单个外星人的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):

        """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""

        super(Alien,self).__init__()

        self.screen = screen

        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

 

        

        # 加载外星人图像,并设置其rect属性

        self.image = pygame.image.load('image/alien.bmp')

        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

 

        # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕的左上角附件

        self.rect.x = self.rect.width

        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

 

        #存储外星人的准确位置

        self.x = float(self.rect.x)

 

    def blitme(self):

        """在指定位置绘制外星人"""

        self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

 

    

        

 

    def check_edges(self):

        """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""

        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()

        if self.rect.right >=screen_rect.right:

            return True

 

        elif self.rect.left <=0:

            return True

 

    def update(self):

        """向右移动的外星人"""

        self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)

        self.rect.x = self.x

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bullet.py

import pygame

from pygame.sprite import Sprite

 

class Bullet(Sprite):

    """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,airplane):

        

        """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""

        super(Bullet,self).__init__()

        self.screen = screen

        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        

        #在（0,0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)

        self.rect.centerx = airplane.rect.centerx

        self.rect.top = airplane.rect.top

 

        #存储用小数表示的子弹位置

        self.y = float(self.rect.y)

        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color

        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

        

    def update(self):

        """向上移动子弹"""

        #更新表示子弹位置的小数值

        self.y -= self.speed_factor

 

        #更新表示子弹的rect的位置

        self.rect.y = self.y

 

    def draw_bullet(self):

        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""

        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

______________________________________________________________________

button.py

import pygame.font

 

class Button():

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):

        """初始化按钮的属性"""

 

        self.screen = screen

        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

 

        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性

        self.width,self.height = 200,50

        self.button_color = (0,255,0)

        self.text_color = (255,255,255)

        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

 

        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)

        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center

 

        #按钮的标签只需创建一次

        self.prep_msg(msg)

 

    def prep_msg(self,msg):

        """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""

        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)

        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()

        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center

 

    def draw_button(self):

        #绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本

        self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)

        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

 

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

scoreboard.py

import pygame

import pygame.font

 

from pygame.sprite import Group

from airplane import Airplane 

from game_stats import GameStats

 

class Scoreboard():

    """显示得分信息的类"""

    def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,stats):

        self.screen = screen

        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()

        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        self.stats = stats

        

        # 显示得分信息时使用的字体设置

        self.text_color = (30,30,30)

        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

 

        #准备 初始得分图像

        self.prep_score()

        self.prep_high_score()

        self.prep_level()

        self.prep_airplanes()

 

    def prep_level(self):

        """将等级转换为渲染的图像"""

        self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level),True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

        #将等级放在得分下方

        self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()

        self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right

        self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10

 

    def prep_score(self):

        """将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""

        rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))

        score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)

 

       #score_str = str(self.stats.score)

        self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

 

        #将得分放在屏幕右上角

 

        self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()

        self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20

        self.score_rect.top = 20

    def prep_high_score(self):

        """将最高得分转换为渲染的图像"""

        high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))

        high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)

        self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True,self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)

 

        self.high_score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()

        self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx

        self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top

        

    def show_score(self):

        """在屏幕上显示当前得分和最高得分"""

        self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)

        self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image,self.high_score_rect)

        self.screen.blit(self.level_image,self.level_rect)

 

        self.airplanes.draw(self.screen)

 

    def prep_airplanes(self):

        """显示还余下多少艘飞船"""

 

        self.airplanes = pygame.sprite.Group()

        for airplane_number in range(self.stats.airplanes_left):

            airplane = Airplane(self.ai_settings,self.screen)

            airplane.rect.x = 10 + airplane_number * airplane.rect.width

            airplane.rect.y = 10

            self.airplanes.add_internal(airplane)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

game_stats.py

class GameStats():

    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""

 

    def __init__(self,ai_settings):

        """初始化统计信息"""

 

        self.ai_settings = ai_settings

        self.reset_stats()

        self.game_active = False

        self.high_score = 0

 

        self.airplanes_left = self.ai_settings.airplane_limit

 

    def reset_stats(self):

        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""

 

        #self.airplanes_left = self.ai_settings.airplane_limit

        self.score = 0

        self.level = 1

 

    

 

================================================================

settings.py

 

class Settings():

    """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类"""

    def __init__(self):

        """初始化游戏的设置"""

 

        # 屏幕设置

        self.screen_width = 1200

        self.screen_height = 800

        self.bg_color = (255,255,255)

 

        #飞船设置

        self.airplane_speed_factor = 1.5

        self.airplane_limit = 3

        

 

        #子弹设置

        self.bullet_speed_factor = 1

        self.bullet_width = 3

        self.bullet_height = 15

        self.bullet_color =60,60,60

        self.bullets_allowed = 5

 

        #外星人设置

        self.alien_speed_factor = 1

        self.fleet_drop_speed = 10

        

        # fleet_direction为1表示向右移， 为-1表示向左移

        self.fleet_direction = 1

 

        #以什么样的速度加快游戏的节奏

        self.speedup_scale = 1.1

        #外星人点数的提高速度

        self.score_scale = 1.5

        

        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()

 

    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):

        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""

        self.airplane_speed_factor = 1.5

        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3

        self.aliena_speed_factor = 1

 

        # fleet_direction为1表示向右移， 为-1表示向左移

        self.fleet_direction = 1

        self.alien_points = 50

 

    def increase_speed(self):

        """提高速度设置"""

        self.airplane_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

        self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

 

        self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

        print(self.alien_points)