C# 命令系统的使用

CoderIsArt

于 2025-06-06 14:03:01 发布

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分类专栏： C# 文章标签： c#

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zkmrobot/article/details/148473705

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命令系统概述

C# 命令系统（特别是 WPF 中的命令系统）是一种将 UI 操作与执行逻辑分离的机制，主要包含以下几个核心组件：

ICommand 接口：命令系统的核心
RoutedCommand：WPF 内置的命令实现
CommandBinding：连接命令与处理逻辑
输入绑定：将输入手势（如快捷键）与命令关联

ICommand 接口解析

public interface ICommand
{
    // 命令能否执行
    bool CanExecute(object parameter);
    
    // 命令执行时触发
    void Execute(object parameter);
    
    // CanExecute状态变化时触发
    event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
}

实现原理

1. 基本命令流程

命令触发（通过按钮点击、快捷键等）
检查CanExecute
执行Execute
通知CanExecuteChanged（当命令可用状态变化时）

2. 命令路由机制

WPF 中的 RoutedCommand 使用事件路由系统寻找命令处理程序：

从命令目标开始
向上冒泡通过可视化树
直到找到具有匹配 CommandBinding 的容器

代码实现示例

示例1：自定义命令实现

public class RelayCommand : ICommand
{
    private readonly Action<object> _execute;
    private readonly Func<object, bool> _canExecute;

    public RelayCommand(Action<object> execute, Func<object, bool> canExecute = null)
    {
        _execute = execute ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(execute));
        _canExecute = canExecute;
    }

    public bool CanExecute(object parameter) => _canExecute?.Invoke(parameter) ?? true;

    public void Execute(object parameter) => _execute(parameter);

    public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
    {
        add { CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
        remove { CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
    }
    
    // 手动触发CanExecuteChanged
    public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged() => CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
}

示例2：在 ViewModel 中使用命令

public class MainViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private string _name;
    public string Name
    {
        get => _name;
        set
        {
            _name = value;
            OnPropertyChanged();
            // 通知命令状态可能已改变
            CommandManager.InvalidateRequerySuggested();
        }
    }

    public ICommand SayHelloCommand { get; }

    public MainViewModel()
    {
        SayHelloCommand = new RelayCommand(
            execute: _ => MessageBox.Show($"Hello, {Name}!"),
            canExecute: _ => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Name));
    }

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    
    protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
    {
        PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
}

示例3：XAML 中绑定命令

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="命令示例" Height="350" Width="525">
    <StackPanel>
        <TextBox Text="{Binding Name, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" 
                 Margin="5" Padding="5"/>
        <Button Content="打招呼" 
                Command="{Binding SayHelloCommand}"
                Margin="5" Padding="5"/>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

<!-- 后台代码设置DataContext -->
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
    public MainWindow()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        DataContext = new MainViewModel();
    }
}

示例4：使用 WPF 内置命令

<Window x:Class="WpfApp.CommandDemoWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        Title="内置命令示例">
    <Window.CommandBindings>
        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Copy"
                        Executed="CopyCommand_Executed"
                        CanExecute="CopyCommand_CanExecute"/>
    </Window.CommandBindings>
    
    <StackPanel>
        <TextBox x:Name="SourceTextBox" Text="可复制的文本" Margin="5"/>
        <Button Command="ApplicationCommands.Copy" 
                Content="复制" 
                CommandTarget="{Binding ElementName=SourceTextBox}"
                Margin="5" Padding="5"/>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

// 后台代码
private void CopyCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Source is TextBox textBox)
    {
        Clipboard.SetText(textBox.Text);
    }
}

private void CopyCommand_CanExecute(object sender, CanExecuteRoutedEventArgs e)
{
    e.CanExecute = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(SourceTextBox.Text);
    e.Handled = true;
}

高级应用场景

1. 命令参数

<Button Command="{Binding EditCommand}" 
        CommandParameter="{Binding SelectedItem}" 
        Content="编辑"/>

2. 输入手势绑定

<Window.InputBindings>
    <KeyBinding Key="S" Modifiers="Ctrl" Command="{Binding SaveCommand}"/>
    <MouseBinding MouseAction="LeftDoubleClick" Command="{Binding OpenCommand}"/>
</Window.InputBindings>

3. 复合命令（Prism 库示例）

public class CompositeCommandViewModel
{
    public CompositeCommand CompositeCommand { get; } = new CompositeCommand();
    
    public CompositeCommandViewModel()
    {
        CompositeCommand.RegisterCommand(new RelayCommand(_ => DoTask1()));
        CompositeCommand.RegisterCommand(new RelayCommand(_ => DoTask2()));
    }
    
    private void DoTask1() => Console.WriteLine("Task 1 executed");
    private void DoTask2() => Console.WriteLine("Task 2 executed");
}