【算法与数据结构】---并查集

https://blog.csdn.net/LKJgdut/article/details/106913884
代码如下：

第一版并查集 Quick Find

#include <cassert>

using namespace std;


namespace UF1 {

    class UnionFind {

    private:
        int *id;
        int count;

    public:
        UnionFind(int n) {
            count = n;
            id = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                id[i] = i;
        }

        ~UnionFind() {
            delete[] id;
        }

        int find(int p) {
            assert(p >= 0 && p < count);
            return id[p];
        }

        bool isConnected(int p, int q) {
            return find(p) == find(q);
        }

        void unionElements(int p, int q) {

            int pID = find(p);
            int qID = find(q);

            if (pID == qID)
                return;

            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
                if (id[i] == pID)
                    id[i] = qID;
        }
    };
}

**

这种QuickUnion才是并查集真正的实现思路

**

#include <cassert>

using namespace std;


namespace UF2{

    class UnionFind{

    private:
        int* parent;
        int count;

    public:
        UnionFind(int count){//最开始，将每一个下标对应元素指向自己（即没有与其他元素属于一个集合）
            parent = new int[count];
            this->count = count;
            for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ )
                parent[i] = i;
        }

        ~UnionFind(){
            delete[] parent;
        }
      /**
     查找过程, 查找元素p所对应的集合编号，即查找元素p所在树的根结点元素的编号
     O(h)复杂度, h为树的高度
      */
        int find(int p){
            assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
            while( p != parent[p] )
                p = parent[p];
            return p;
        }

        bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
            return find(p) == find(q);
        }

        void unionElements(int p, int q){

            int pRoot = find(p);
            int qRoot = find(q);

            if( pRoot == qRoot )
                return;

            parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
        }
    };
}

基于size的优化

namespace UF3{

    class UnionFind{

    private:
        int* parent;
        int* sz; // sz[i]表示以i为根的集合中元素个数
        int count;

    public:
        UnionFind(int count){
            parent = new int[count];
            sz = new int[count];
            this->count = count;
            for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ ){
                parent[i] = i;
                sz[i] = 1;
            }
        }

        ~UnionFind(){
            delete[] parent;
            delete[] sz;
        }

        int find(int p){
            assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
            while( p != parent[p] )
                p = parent[p];
            return p;
        }

        bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
            return find(p) == find(q);
        }

        void unionElements(int p, int q){

            int pRoot = find(p);
            int qRoot = find(q);

            if( pRoot == qRoot )
                return;

            if( sz[pRoot] < sz[qRoot] ){
                parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
                sz[qRoot] += sz[pRoot];
            }
            else{
                parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
                sz[pRoot] += sz[qRoot];
            }
        }
    };
}

基于rank的优化

namespace UF3{

    class UnionFind{

    private:
        int* parent;
        int* rank; // rank[i]表示以i为根的集合所表示的树的层数
        int count;

    public:
        UnionFind(int count){
            parent = new int[count];
            rank = new int[count];
            this->count = count;
            for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ ){
                parent[i] = i;
                rank[i] = 1;
            }
        }

        ~UnionFind(){
            delete[] parent;
            delete[] rank;
        }

        int find(int p){
            assert( p >= 0 && p < count );
            while( p != parent[p] )
                p = parent[p];
            return p;
        }

        bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
            return find(p) == find(q);
        }

        void unionElements(int p, int q){

            int pRoot = find(p);
            int qRoot = find(q);

            if( pRoot == qRoot )
                return;

            if( rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot] ){
                parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
            }
            else if( rank[qRoot] < rank[pRoot]){
                parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
            }
            else{ // rank[pRoot] == rank[qRoot]
                parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
                rank[qRoot] += 1;
            }
        }
    };
}

路径压缩

namespace UF5{

    class UnionFind{

    private:
        int* parent;
        int* rank;
        int count;

    public:
        UnionFind(int count){
            parent = new int[count];
            rank = new int[count];
            this->count = count;
            for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ ){
                parent[i] = i;
                rank[i] = 1;
            }
        }

        ~UnionFind(){
            delete[] parent;
            delete[] rank;
        }

        int size(){
            return count;
        }

        bool isConnected( int p , int q ){
            return find(p) == find(q);
        }

        int find(int p){

            assert( p >= 0 && p < count );

            // path compression 1
            while( p != parent[p] ){
                parent[p] = parent[parent[p]];
                p = parent[p];
            }
            return p;

            // path compression 2
//            if( p != parent[p] )
//                parent[p] = find( parent[p] );
//            return parent[p];
        }

        void unionElements(int p, int q){

            int pRoot = find(p);
            int qRoot = find(q);

            if( pRoot == qRoot )
                return;

            if( rank[pRoot] < rank[qRoot] )
                parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
            else if( rank[qRoot] < rank[pRoot])
                parent[qRoot] = pRoot;
            else{ // rank[pRoot] == rank[qRoot]
                parent[pRoot] = qRoot;
                rank[qRoot] ++;
            }

        }

        void show(){
            for( int i = 0 ; i < count ; i ++ )
                cout<<i<<" : "<<parent[i]<<endl;
        }
    };
}