字符设备驱动程序

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-31 17:09:38 发布

zoulinzhya8888

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-31 17:09:38 发布

阅读量330

点赞数

分类专栏：嵌入式开发资料文章标签： struct file module user makefile shell

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zoulinzhya8888/article/details/6629163

版权

嵌入式开发资料专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

哈尔滨理工大学软件工程专业08-7李万鹏原创作品，转载请标明出处

http://blog.csdn.net/woshixingaaa/archive/2010/11/13/6007342.aspx

LINUX设备驱动程序分为字符设备驱动（无缓冲且只能顺序存取），块设备驱动程序（有缓冲且可以随机存取）。每个字符设备和块设备都必须有主，次设备号，主设备号相同的设备是同类设备（使用同一驱动程序）。这些设备中，有些设备是对实际物理硬件的抽象，而有些设备则是则是内核自身提供的功能（不依赖于特定的物理硬件，又称为“虚拟设备”）。每个设备在/dev目录下都有一个对应的文件（节点），可以通过 cat /proc/devices命令查看当前已经加载的设备驱动程序的主设备号。

在内核中，dev_t类型用来保存设备编号（包括主设备号和次设备号）：

主设备号＝MAJOR（dev_t dev）
次设备号＝MINOR（dev_t dev）
设备编号＝MKDEV(int major,int minor)

dev_t是无符长整型

typedef u_long dev_t ;

typedef unsigned long u_long;

分配和释放设备号：

int register_chrdev_region(dev_t first, unsigned int count, char *name);
int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned int firstminor, unsigned int count, char *name);
void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t first, unsigned int count);

字符设备的注册：

void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, struct file_operations *fops);
int cdev_add(struct cdev *dev, dev_t num, unsigned int count);
void cdev_del(struct cdev *dev);

早期的办法：

int register_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name, struct file_operations *fops);
int unregister_chrdev(unsigned int major, const char *name);

在内核空间和用户空间之间拷贝数据使用：

unsigned long copy_to_user（void __user*to,const void *from,unsigned long count）；
unsigned long copy_from_user(void *to, const void __user *from,unsigned long count);

scull设备的布局:

这个结构是一个二维数组，qset是第一个下限，quantum是第二个下限。

下面是我写的驱动程序，没有用书上的，数了一下，书上的例子快到两千行代码了，所以自己写个容易的，设备是内存，first.c 需要注意的地方是，下面的struct file_operations first_fops是用C99标准写的，是标记化结构体初始化语法。左边的open,release,read,write都是系统调用，也就是说调用read是去执行read_test,调用write时执行write_test。在用户空间和内核空间之间传输数据应该使用函数copy_to_user和copy_from_user.

view plain copy to clipboard print ?

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
struct cdev first;
unsigned int dev;
char * data;
static ssize_t read_test(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count,loff_t*pos);
static ssize_t write_test(struct file *file, const char *buf,size_t count,loff_t*pos);
static ssize_t open_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
static ssize_t release_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
struct file_operations first_fops={
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = read_test,
.write = write_test,
.open = open_test,
.release = release_test,
};
static ssize_t read_test(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count,loff_t*pos){
int len;
if(count < 0)
return -EINVAL;
len = strlen(data);
if(len < count)
count = len;
copy_to_user(buf,data,count);
printk("read buf %s/n", buf);
printk("read data %s/n", data);
return count;
}
static ssize_t write_test(struct file *file, const char *buf,size_t count,loff_t*pos){
if(count < 0)
return -EINVAL;
kfree(data);
data = (char*)kmalloc(sizeof(char)*(count),GFP_KERNEL);
if(!data)
return -ENOMEM;
copy_from_user(data,buf,count);
printk("write buf %s/n",buf);
printk("write data %s/n",data);
return count;
}
static ssize_t open_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
return 0;
}
static ssize_t release_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){
return 0;
}
static int __init init_first(void){
int ret;
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,0,1,"first");
if(ret < 0){
printk(KERN_ALERT "first register fail");
}
cdev_init(&first,&first_fops);
first.owner = THIS_MODULE;
ret = cdev_add(&first,dev,1);
if(ret < 0){
printk(KERN_ALERT "first registrr fail");
}
return 0;
}
static void __exit exit_first(void){
unregister_chrdev_region(dev,"first");
cdev_del(&first);
}
module_init(init_first);
module_exit(exit_first);

#include <linux/module.h>#include <linux/kernel.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/miscdevice.h>#include <linux/sched.h>#include <linux/delay.h>#include <linux/poll.h>#include <linux/spinlock.h>#include <linux/cdev.h>#include <linux/kobject.h>#include <linux/fs.h>#include <linux/device.h>#include <asm/uaccess.h>struct cdev first;unsigned int dev;char * data;static ssize_t read_test(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count,loff_t*pos);static ssize_t write_test(struct file *file, const char *buf,size_t count,loff_t*pos);static ssize_t open_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);static ssize_t release_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);struct file_operations first_fops={.owner = THIS_MODULE,  .read = read_test,.write = write_test,.open = open_test,.release = release_test,};static ssize_t read_test(struct file *file, char *buf, size_t count,loff_t*pos){int len;if(count < 0)return -EINVAL;len = strlen(data);if(len < count)count = len;copy_to_user(buf,data,count);printk("read buf %s/n", buf);printk("read data %s/n", data);return count;}static ssize_t write_test(struct file *file, const char *buf,size_t count,loff_t*pos){if(count < 0)return -EINVAL;kfree(data);data = (char*)kmalloc(sizeof(char)*(count),GFP_KERNEL);if(!data)return -ENOMEM;copy_from_user(data,buf,count);printk("write buf %s/n",buf);printk("write data %s/n",data);return count;}static ssize_t open_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){return 0;}static ssize_t release_test(struct inode *inode, struct file *file){return 0;}static int __init init_first(void){int ret;ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,0,1,"first");if(ret < 0){printk(KERN_ALERT "first register fail");}cdev_init(&first,&first_fops);first.owner = THIS_MODULE;ret = cdev_add(&first,dev,1);if(ret < 0){printk(KERN_ALERT "first registrr fail");}return 0;}static void __exit exit_first(void){unregister_chrdev_region(dev,"first");cdev_del(&first);}module_init(init_first);module_exit(exit_first);

初始化模块时：