基于A*搜索算法迷宫游戏开发

程序设计分析
迷宫难度：
迷宫长宽：尺寸越大，生成的地图越难
迷宫生成算法：地图难度：kruskai算法＞随机深度优先算法＞prim算法＞递归分割算法

功能

增加状态栏显示状态信息

作弊（查看提示）增加惩罚分数(当前作弊一次惩罚20分)

保存读取地图

菜单栏，可用于设置地图生成算法，地图尺寸等

增加迷雾模式

显示等级以及当前移动步数

随机生成游戏地图

按方向键后自动前进倒退（到分岔路停止）

起点到任意位置辅助路径显示（鼠标左键单击空白地方显示路线） 移动次数计数

到达终点后通关，按任意键进入下一关（目前没有难度设置，难度相同）

一、主要函数说明

迷宫类Maze：
rint_matrix
generate_matrix_dfs
generate_matrix_prim
generate_matrix_kruskal
generate_matrix_split
find_path_dfs
find_path_bfs (TODO)

并查集类 UnionSet:
find
union

可视化：
draw_cell
draw_path
draw_maze
check_reach
eventHandler
paint
reset
update_maze

二、Maze类说明

1.利用tkinter库设计界面

Python 的 GUI 库非常多，之所以选择 Tkinter，一是最为简单，二是自带库，不需下载
安装，随时使用，跨平台兼容性非常好，三则是从需求出发的，Python 在实际应用中极
少用于开发复杂的桌面应用。以下列出一些所需Tkinte控件。
#引入所需要的的库
import tkinter as tk
#弹窗
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
#选择文件对话框的格式打开图片
from tkinter import filedialog
#生成任意尺寸的迷宫
from mazeGenerator import Maze
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
#图片处理
from PIL import Image
import time
import copy
import math
import os

绘制背景（灰色）

def draw_cell(canvas, row, col, color="#F2F2F2"):
x0, y0 = col * cell_width, row * cell_width
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width, y0 + cell_width
canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color, outline =color, width = 0)

绘制路径

def draw_path(canvas, matrix, row, col, color, line_color):
# 列
if row + 1 < rows and matrix[row - 1][col] >= 1 and matrix[row + 1][col] >= 1:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width / 5, y0 + cell_width
# 行
elif col + 1 < cols and matrix[row][col - 1] >= 1 and matrix[row][col + 1] >= 1:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width, y0 + cell_width / 5
# 左上角
elif col + 1 < cols and row + 1 < rows and matrix[row][col + 1] >= 1 and matrix[row + 1][col] >= 1:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + 3 * cell_width / 5, y0 + cell_width / 5
canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color, outline = line_color, width = 0)
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width / 5, y0 + 3 * cell_width / 5
# 右上角
elif row + 1 < rows and matrix[row][col - 1] >= 1 and matrix[row + 1][col] >= 1:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + 3 * cell_width / 5, y0 + cell_width / 5
canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color, outline = line_color, width = 0)
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width / 5, y0 + 3 * cell_width / 5
# 左下角
elif col + 1 < cols and matrix[row - 1][col] >= 1 and matrix[row][col + 1] >= 1:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width / 5, y0 + 3 * cell_width / 5
canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color, outline = line_color, width = 0)
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + 3 * cell_width / 5, y0 + cell_width / 5
# 右下角
elif matrix[row - 1][col] >= 1 and matrix[row][col - 1] >= 1:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + 3 * cell_width / 5, y0 + cell_width / 5
canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color, outline = line_color, width = 0)
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width / 5, y0 + 3 * cell_width / 5
else:
x0, y0 = col * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5, row * cell_width + 2 * cell_width / 5
x1, y1 = x0 + cell_width / 5, y0 + cell_width / 5
canvas.create_rectangle(x0, y0, x1, y1, fill = color, outline = line_color, width = 0)
2.绘制迷宫
def draw_maze(canvas, matrix, path, moves):
“”"
根据matrix中每个位置的值绘图：
-1: 墙壁
0: 空白
1: 参考路径
2: 移动过的位置
“”"
canvas.delete(“all”)
matrix = copy.copy(matrix)
# 参考路径
for p in path:
matrix[p[0]][p[1]] = 1
# 移动过的路径
for move in moves:
matrix[move[0]][move[1]] = 2
# 通过地图大小判断空白和墙壁
for r in range(rows):
for c in range(cols):
if matrix[r][c] == 0:
draw_cell(canvas, r, c)
elif matrix[r][c] == -1:
# 将墙壁设置为蓝色
draw_cell(canvas, r, c, ‘#525288’)
elif matrix[r][c] == 1:
draw_cell(canvas, r, c)
# 将参考路径设置为紫色
draw_path(canvas, matrix, r, c, ‘#bc84a8’, ‘#bc84a8’)
elif matrix[r][c] == 2:
draw_cell(canvas, r, c)
# 将移动过的位置设置为红色
draw_path(canvas, matrix, r, c, ‘#ee3f4d’, ‘#ee3f4d’)
# 窗口标题
windows.title(“Maze Level-{} Steps-{}”.format(level, click_counter))
set_label_text()

更新迷宫

def update_maze(canvas, matrix, path, moves):
windows.title(“Maze Level-{} Steps-{}”.format(level, click_counter))
canvas.delete(“all”)
matrix = copy.copy(matrix)
# 重置参考
for p in path:
matrix[p[0]][p[1]] = 1
# 重置移动路径
for move in moves:
matrix[move[0]][move[1]] = 2
# 初始化颜色
row, col = movement_list[-1]
colors = [’#525288’, ‘#F2F2F2’, ‘#525288’, ‘#F2F2F2’, ‘#5252