Single Number II

Given a non-empty array of integers, every element appears three times except for one, which appears exactly once. Find that single one.

Note:

Your algorithm should have a linear runtime complexity. Could you implement it without using extra memory?

Example 1:

Input: [2,2,3,2]
Output: 3

Example 2:

Input: [0,1,0,1,0,1,99]
Output: 99

---

除了一个单独的数字之外，数组中其他的数字都出现了三次，那么还是要利用位操作 Bit Operation 来解此题。我们可以建立一个32位的数字，来统计每一位上1出现的个数，我们知道如果某一位上为1的话，那么如果该整数出现了三次，对3去余为0，我们把每个数的对应位都加起来对3取余，最终剩下来的那个数就是单独的数字。

class Solution {
public:
    int singleNumber(vector<int>& nums)
    {
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
            int sum = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < nums.size(); ++j) {
                sum += (nums[j] >> i) & 1;
            }
            res |= (sum % 3) << i;
        }
        return res;
    }
};