每次写代码获取系统路径都是要百度一番,之前都记不住API,也没刻意去记住这些API。
但是这样每次开发效率就比较低,所以还是整理下吧,加深下印象,至少后面可以在自己博客里就能轻松的找到了吧。
直接上代码吧。
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Shlobj.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <vector>
#define MAKE_PAIR(id) (std::pair<int, const TCHAR *>(id, _T(#id)))
void PrintSpecailFolder() {
TCHAR szPath[MAX_PATH];
// CSIDL列表:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/shell/csidl
std::vector<std::pair<int, const TCHAR *>> id_name_list = {
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_APPDATA),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_COOKIES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_FAVORITES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_HISTORY),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_MYMUSIC),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_MYPICTURES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_MYVIDEO),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_PROFILE),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_PROGRAMS),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_RECENT),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_SENDTO),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_STARTMENU),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_STARTUP),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_SYSTEM),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_TEMPLATES),
MAKE_PAIR(CSIDL_WINDOWS)};
size_t nSize = id_name_list.size();
for (size_t i = 0; i < nSize; ++i) {
const std::pair<int, const TCHAR *> &item = id_name_list.at(i);
if (SUCCEEDED(SHGetFolderPath(NULL, item.first, NULL, SHGFP_TYPE_CURRENT,
szPath))) {
TCHAR buffer[MAX_PATH] = {0};
_tcscat_s(buffer, item.second);
_tcscat_s(buffer, _T("\t\t->\t\t"));
_tcscat_s(buffer, szPath);
_tcscat_s(buffer, _T("\r\n"));
::OutputDebugString(buffer);
}
}
}
运行结果如下:
CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS->C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
CSIDL_APPDATA -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming
CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Burn\Burn
CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS -> C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA -> C:\ProgramData
CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY -> C:\Users\Public\Desktop
CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS -> C:\Users\Public\Documents
CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES -> D:\Documents\Favorites
CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC -> C:\Users\Public\Music
CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES -> C:\Users\Public\Pictures
CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS -> C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU -> C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP -> C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES -> C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Templates
CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO -> C:\Users\Public\Videos
CSIDL_COOKIES -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCookies
CSIDL_FAVORITES -> D:\Documents\Favorites
CSIDL_HISTORY -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\History
CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache
CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Local
CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS -> D:\Documents
CSIDL_MYMUSIC -> D:\Documents\Music
CSIDL_MYPICTURES -> D:\Documents\Pictures
CSIDL_MYVIDEO -> D:\Documents\Videos
CSIDL_PROFILE -> C:\Users\username
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES -> C:\Program Files (x86)
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON -> C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
CSIDL_PROGRAMS -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs
CSIDL_RECENT -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent
CSIDL_SENDTO -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo
CSIDL_STARTMENU -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu
CSIDL_STARTUP -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
CSIDL_SYSTEM -> C:\Windows\system32
CSIDL_TEMPLATES -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates
CSIDL_WINDOWS -> C:\Windows
上面中常用的几个路径标红了,方便后面查阅方便。
其中有三个路径容易搞混(都包含了APPDATA),特别说明下,免得后面每次使用的时候都要测试一下。
- CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA -> C:\ProgramData
- CSIDL_APPDATA -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming
- CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA -> C:\Users\username\AppData\Local
第一个是和用户无关的路径,一般是存放和用户无关的信息。
第二个是%appdata%环境变量所指的路径。没有用户登录看到的是不同的内容,username就是当前登录用户名称。
第三个是%appdata%父目录下的一个目录。和第二个类似,也适合用户相关的。
代码中使用的是SHGetFolderPath这个API,msdn说明如下:
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/api/shlobj_core/nf-shlobj_core-shgetfolderpatha
还有另外一个API也可以,不过不再推荐使用了,就是SHGetSpecialFolderPath这个API。
msdn说明如下:
使用这个函数实现获取系统路径的用法如下:
wchar_t buff[MAX_PATH] = { 0 };
SHGetSpecialFolderPath(NULL, buff, CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA, false);
注意:这两个API获取的路径字符串都没有最后的反斜杠!!! 参考msdn的文档说明如下:
pszPath
Type: LPTSTR
A pointer to a null-terminated string of length MAX_PATH which will receive the path. If an error occurs or S_FALSE is returned, this string will be empty. The returned path does not include a trailing backslash. For example, "C:\Users" is returned rather than "C:\Users\".
代码中为了偷懒,定义了一个宏MAKE_PAIR,是利用了C语言的宏特性,# 能把一个符号变成字符串,免得生成std::pair的时候回重复写一些CSIDL的值。