105. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal

Given preorder and inorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree.

Note:
You may assume that duplicates do not exist in the tree.

首先参考这篇博文：Construct Binary Tree From Inorder and Preorder/Postorder Traversal。

        _______7______
       /              \
    __10__          ___2
   /      \        /
   4       3      _8
            \    /
             1  11

The preorder and inorder traversals for the binary tree above is:

preorder = {7,10,4,3,1,2,8,11}
inorder = {4,10,3,1,7,11,8,2}

这里可以发现，preorder中每个数的后一个数都是他的左节点，令他在inorder里的位置是，那么 他的右节点是prestart + index - instart + 1，其实就是加上左子树总节点的个数再加1。根据这个思路写代码如下：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
        return helper(0, 0, inorder.length - 1, preorder, inorder);
    }
    
    private TreeNode helper (int prestart, int instart, int inend, int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
        if (prestart > preorder.length || instart > inend) {
            return null;
        }
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(preorder[prestart]);
        int index = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i ++) {
            if (inorder[i] == root.val) {
                index = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        root.left = helper(prestart + 1, instart, index - 1, preorder, inorder);
        root.right = helper(prestart + index - instart + 1, index + 1, inend, preorder, inorder);
        return root;
    }
}