333. Largest BST Subtree

Given a binary tree, find the largest subtree which is a Binary Search Tree (BST), where largest means subtree with largest number of nodes in it.

Note:
A subtree must include all of its descendants.
Here's an example:

    10
    / \
   5  15
  / \   \ 
 1   8   7

The Largest BST Subtree in this case is the highlighted one. 
The return value is the subtree's size, which is 3. 

Follow up:
Can you figure out ways to solve it with O(n) time complexity?

递归解题。对于整个数的每一个节点，判断当前节点子树是不是一个BST，是个话返回节点个数，不是的话返回左右子树的最大BST子树节点个数。代码如下：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public int largestBSTSubtree(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        
        if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            return 1;
        }
        if (isValid(root, null, null)) {
            return countNode(root);
        }
        return Math.max(largestBSTSubtree(root.left), largestBSTSubtree(root.right));
    }
    
    private boolean isValid(TreeNode root, TreeNode min, TreeNode max) {
        if (root == null) {
            return true;
        }
        if (min != null && min.val >= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        if (max != null && max.val <= root.val) {
            return false;
        }
        boolean valid = (isValid(root.left, min, root) && isValid(root.right, root, max));
        return valid;
    }
    
    private int countNode(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
            return 1;
        }
        return 1 + countNode(root.left) + countNode(root.right);
    }
}