(zslcn周生烈编译摘注评)
矩形QAM 奇数-kQAM 星座图 FFT AWGN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
This page was last modified on 6 November 2011 at 02:39
Quadrature amplitude modulation正交幅度调制
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"QAM" redirects here. For other uses, see QAM (disambiguation).
This article is about a modulation technique. For the digital television standard, see QAM (television).
Passband modulation v · d · e |
FSK · MFSK · ASK · OOK · PSK · QAM |
See also: Demodulation, modem, |
Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) (( /kwa:m/ or /kæm/ or simply "Q-A-M") "Q-A-M") is both an analog and a digital modulation scheme. It conveys two analog message signals, or two digital bit streams, by changing (modulating) the amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. The two carrier waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90° and are thus called quadrature carriers or quadrature components — hence the name of the scheme. The modulated waves are summed, and the resulting waveform is a combination of both phase-shift keying (PSK) and amplitude-shift keying (ASK), or (in the analog case) of phase modulation (PM) and amplitude modulation. In the digital QAM case, a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used. PSK modulators are often designed using the QAM principle, but are not considered as QAM since the amplitude of the modulated carrier signal is constant. QAM is used extensively as a modulation scheme for digital telecommunication systems. Spectral efficiencies of 6 bits/s/Hz can be achieved with QAM.[1]
正交幅度调制(QAM)(其读为 ( /kwa:m/ or /kæm/ or 直接读 "Q-A-M") 既是模拟调制方案,也是数字调制方案。它改变(调制)两个载波的振幅,来传递两个模拟消息信号,或两个数字位流;改变的方法是通过使用数字调制方案的幅移键控(ASK),或模拟调制方案的调幅(AM)。两个载波,相位通常差90 °,因而被称为正交载波,或称为正交分量--因此也就是该方案的名称。两个(正交的调幅)调制波相加,从而合成的波形是相移键控(PSK)和幅移键控(ASK)两者的结合,或者(在模拟情况下)是相位调制(PM)和调幅相结合。在数字QAM方案的情况下,使用有限数量的相位(至少有两个)和振幅(至少有两个)。 PSK调制的设计,通常也使用QAM原理,但不作为QAM调制考虑,因为其载波信号的幅度是不变的。QAM作为数字通信系统的调制方案,被广泛使用着。 QAM的频谱效率,可以达到6比特位/信符/赫兹(即每个周期波形中可以安排一个6比特位信符(64种信符)的调制信息)。[1]
QAM modulation is being used in optical fiber systems as bit rates increase – QAM16 and QAM64 can be optically emulated with a 3-path interferometer.[2]
由于位速率增加,QAM调制已被使用于光纤系统中 - QAM16和QAM64在光学上可以采用三路径干涉仪仿真。[2]
Contents [hide] 1 Digital QAM 数字QAM 2 Analog QAM 模拟QAM 2.1 Fourier analysis of QAM QAM傅立叶分析 3 Quantized QAM QAM量化 3.1 Ideal structure 理想结构 4 Quantized QAM performance 已量化QAM的性能 4.1 Rectangular QAM 矩形QAM 4.1.1 Odd-k QAM 奇数-k QAM 4.2 Non-rectangular QAM 非矩形QAM 5 Interference and noise 干扰与噪声 6 See also 参见 7 References 参考 8 External links 外部链接 |
1. [edit] Digital QAM [编辑]数字QAM
Like all modulation schemes, QAM conveys data by changing some aspect of a carrier signal, or the carrier wave, (usually a sinusoid) in response to a data signal. In the case of QAM, the amplitude of two waves, 90 degrees out-of-phase with each other (in quadrature) are changed (modulated or keyed) to represent the data signal. Amplitude modulating two carriers in quadrature can be equivalently viewed as both amplitude modulating and phase modulating a single carrier.
像所有的调制方案一样,QAM通过改变载波信号或载波波形(通常是正弦波形)的某些方面,以与数据信号相对应,来传递相应的数据。在QAM中,两个相位差彼此为90o(正交)的波形(注意:是向量),采用改变自己的幅值(注意:是幅值,可正可负,以同时实现向量的同相或反相;而不是幅度。幅度只有正值。)(称为调制或键控),来表示数据信号。调制两个正交载波的幅值,可以等效看作为一个单一载波同时调制幅度和相位。